Analyzing advertisements
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Narrative Paragraph Rubric Essay
COM 0105 Writing Sentences and Paragraphs Writing Assignment 1: Narrative Paragraph General Instructions and Deadlines Assignment Overview â⬠¢ The last draft of your section, alongside all supporting work (prewriting notes, framework, and first draft), is expected by means of www. turnitin. com and the course advanced dropbox by Sunday, 11:59 p. m. ET. It would be ideal if you transfer a solitary report containing all your work. Your passage ought to have between 250ââ¬350 words. Stage 1: Prewriting An account passage recounts to a story. Your initial step is to choose what story you might want to tell. See pages 346ââ¬348 for potential themes. When you have a theme, go through around 10 minutes to accumulate your contemplations about your subject. See pages 322ââ¬325 for tips on prewriting. Ask yourself, â⬠¢ What is the primary concern of the story? â⬠¢ What are the significant subtleties? Stage 2: Planning Consider the material you accumulated in your prewriting and make a framework for your passage. Sort out your thoughts sequentially. The following is a format you can utilize. See page 332ââ¬333 in your reading material for a model. Principle thought/Topic sentence First occasion â⬠¢ Detail 1 â⬠¢ Detail 2 Second occasion â⬠¢ Detail 1 â⬠¢ Detail 2 Third occasion â⬠¢ Detail 1 â⬠¢ Detail 2 Check your framework for solidarity, backing, and soundness by asking yourself, â⬠¢ Is my fundamental thought or theme sentence clear? â⬠¢ Do my supporting focuses really bolster the fu ndamental thought? Erase anything off-subject. â⬠¢ Do I have enough supporting focuses/models? You ought to have at any rate three. â⬠¢ Are my supporting focuses sorted out in a consistent request? Stage 3: Drafting Using your layout, compose the main draft. â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Flesh outâ⬠the thoughts from your framework. Incorporate transitional words and expressions to make a stream between sentences. Page 339 of your book gives a rundown of advances to an account section. â⬠¢ Compose a title for your work. Stage 4: Polishing Ask yourself, â⬠¢ Are my sentences excessively long or excessively short? â⬠¢ Do I have enough sentence assortment? â⬠¢ Are my words fitting? â⬠¢ Do I have any major linguistic mistakes, (for example, parts, comma joins, or run-on sentences)? â⬠¢ Do I have any spelling or mechanical mistakes? Running the spell-checker is definitely not a substitute for editing your work cautiously.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Narziss And Goldmund Essays - Narcissus And Goldmund, Literature
Narziss And Goldmund Essays - Narcissus And Goldmund, Literature Narziss And Goldmund People are one of the main animal categories that are relied upon to meet somebody, begin to look all starry eyed at, and mate forever. It is socially engraved in us that we are to wed forever, and to be totally devoted to that one individual. Given an individual of Goldmund's free soul and steady requirement for change, and to encounter the new, places one mammoth snag in his way. He can't settle down, anyway much he needs everlasting affection. His one love and conceivable long lasting partner, need not be a 'spouse', just an individual to impart his spirit to. That individual is Narziss. There is, be that as it may, one blemish in the condition. Goldmund aches for physical love just as mental incitement. Whatever conceivable mate meets his physical necessities in a sweetheart, doesn't face the gauges made by Goldmund's relationship with Narziss. Goldmund is bound to meander, troubled, scanning for something, however he knows not what he is searching for. His numerous associations with ladies, and his gigantic pledge to his specialty demonstrate that all he at any point needed was for something to thoroughly hide him, to absolutely wrap him, to fill the vacancy in his heart left by the mother who abandoned him. Goldmund aches for something that can be achieved by him at some random point in time, however the truth of the matter is, he yearns for something that he doesn't need. Security. This tale contains an unmistakable repetitive structure. This structure is added to through characters, subjects, thoughts, times, and places. Every one of these components encourage the advancement of a composed, imaginative work, diving profound into the human mind to uncover that both Narziss and Goldmund are players in a similar game. There are three separate cycles present in the novel. The primary cycle happens during the main year or two after Goldmund has left Mariabronn. It closes with Goldmund seeing a lady conceiving an offspring. He finds in her face the substance of the entirety of the ladies he has ever been with, and this association among adoration and birth cleanses him of the sterile energy he felt for Lydia. Characters in this cycle, solely ladies, are viewed as items. They are suggestive, arousing, and physical, however nothing else. They have no measurement past that of a sexual outlet for Goldmund's visually impaired interests. There is an impression of temporariness present in the mother-world, showed in Goldmund's numerous connections. This is shown most unmistakably through Lise, when, after she and Goldmund have intercourse together, comes back to her home at last. This occurs with different characters too, the greater part of them having spouses to come back to, and Goldmund feels torment as a result of this information. The entirety of the gatherings among Goldmund and his darlings happen around evening time, and bears a solid relationship with nature, explicitly, creatures, trees, and plants. As the cycle proceeds, Goldmund encounters demise just as life, showed by his slaughtering Victor over a gold coin. Thoughts introduced inside this cycle incorporate the requirement for responsibility. As Goldmund was before a spring sweetheart, he is currently a pursued killer, yet he doesn't now in the novel, understand that passing, compared with the period of winter, are components of the mother world. The second cycle creatures after Goldmund witnesses the lady conceiving an offspring. In this cycle, Goldmund sees demise, rot, and the magnificence present in each. From Nicholas' sculpture, Goldmund starts to see the mixing of magnificence and torment, and he chooses to seek after the universe of workmanship, under Nicholas. Goldmund finds in workmanship a mixing of the mother and father world. The characters Goldmund comes in contact in this cycle give a positive picture of torment and demise. This is exemplified in the plague scene, wherein Goldmund grapples with death, and sees how it rises above, as workmanship does, the mother and father universes. Thoughts introduced in this cycle concern the Eve-mother, whose face speaks to the entirety of the ladies Goldmund has ever known, and the guideline, which joins them all together. There is a finished scope of attributes in this cycle, including moth love, ecstasy and birth just as cold-bloodedness, rot, and passing. Time and spot a ssume a significant job in this scene, particularly
Friday, August 21, 2020
Help With Writing Term Papers and Dissertations
Help With Writing Term Papers and DissertationsStudent writing help can be a great benefit for you. Sometimes, it can be easy to fall behind on the job of researching your essay or term paper and this can lead to mistakes or to the inability to complete the task. There are, however, some easy ways to make sure that you complete it and that you have no problems with it.Most students start a term paper with a certain section written out. Often, it will be sections A through C. Sometimes, it might be the same section from two different papers or from one or two other papers. Some students write out the entire essay themselves, although this is not always possible. Some students will send the research documents and data directly to the professor's office or the writing desk, and this can be quite helpful.The best writing help for the student who cannot write by themselves will come from someone who knows what to do. That is why when you search for these types of resources online, you sho uld never be afraid to ask questions. You want to know that the resources you are using are reliable and do what they say they will do. That way, if you do find a resource that is not up to par, you can simply switch to another resource instead of having to take the project back and forth with the person that you are working with.Another great option for helping with writing term papers or dissertations or any type of work that is difficult for the student to do himself is to hire outside help. If you have tried searching for help with writing term papers online but have found nothing that meets your needs, it is time to check out the many people who offer this type of service. This can be a valuable tool for the student, especially if they have no experience writing their own papers.The first thing you want to look for in the provider of this type of professional help is experience. You want someone who has been writing papers for quite some time. Not only do you want someone who h as experience, but someone who is actually willing to step in as your reference. You need someone who can tell you if you are doing something incorrectly or if you are just doing something wrong.There are a lot of online resources for help with writing term papers and dissertations. You may find that the best resources are the ones that are easily accessible and who will help you find the right help for your needs. You need to make sure that the person who you hire can answer all of your questions and can be there to point you in the right direction if you are stuck on a particular topic.This is a very important consideration for anyone who is looking for help with writing term papers or dissertations or any type of work that is difficult for the student to do himself. This is because it can get out of hand very quickly. You do not want to be overwhelmed by too much information and help and this is why you should have some options that are readily available to you.It is important th at you choose the help that you use wisely. If you are just using the basic tools of writing help, you do not want to rely on them too much and expect a lot. However, if you are going to be more involved in this type of help, you want to make sure that you are using those resources that have plenty of experience and that is reliable. These are all important things to consider when you are looking for help with writing term papers or dissertations or any other type of research and writing that is difficult for the student to do.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Relationship Between Class Stratification And Sport
Introduction: This essay discusses in detail about the relationship between class stratification and sport in regards to two sociologists views; Karl Marx and Bero Rigauer. These theories specify that sports are shaped by unequal distribution of power in social classes demonstrated in terms of access, control, and social mobility. Karl Marx, was an 18th century German philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He was one of the first theorist to develop a conflict perspective on how society functions. His theory became known as Marxism, he saw that the ruling class represented and ruled the common interest of all social groups. Continuing with Marxism, it is a social class conflict within capitalism thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Moreover, he argues that the capitalist class has completely taken over the sport and have become pre-determined due to social categories. (Cashmore, 2000, pg. 95). Structures of social inequality among a group of people are called social stratification. Social stratification is an institutionalized system of power arrangements ââ¬â of domination and subordination (wealthy vs. poor) because those who retain social power and resources can control and shape the lives of those who lack them (Sage, 1990, pg. 35). Due to each inequality there is an unequal distribution of power among social classes that shape the patterns of peoples social lives. Class stratification is driven by the economic and political system ââ¬â capitalism. This system is empowered by private investors or individuals that become owners of a production and distribution of goods and services. Capitalist hold power over those who produce their goods and services, also known as workers (Sage, 1990, pg. 37). Furthermore, this means the capitalist class have more access to resources and power than the workers that lack productivity. This imbalance proves that the capitalist views of the world confine the lower-class views of the world which is not how it should be portrayed. Therefore, relating this to sport the structures of social inequality are displayed through the access, control and social mobility that is given. Some factors that we can take into account when studying sports in
Friday, May 15, 2020
Reflection Of Leadership Reflection - 1741 Words
Personalized Leadership Reflection ââ¬Å"It is unequivocally clear that leaders are not like other peopleâ⬠(Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1991, as cited in Northouse, P. G., 2016, p.22). I have always thought that I was not like other people; I see the world through a different lens. This difference, which sets me apart from my peers, has sometimes restrained my progress; however, after studying my differences and seeing them as strengths, I can now focus on these strengths that make me a unique, passionate, progressive leader. In reflecting on my leadership skills, I will analyze the results of the leadership questionnaires, as presented in Peter Northouseââ¬â¢s book, Leadership:Theory and practice (7th ed.), connect those result strengths with theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦During our summer experience, there was some discontent in my group. When relationships did not go well, focusing on the paper and presentation was the only thing that got me through the group work. In the end, we made it, but I would have much preferred a strong emphasis on both tasks and relationships as reflected in this questionnaire. Situational Approach This approach seems very practical in everyday situations. I find myself thinking about what I would do in a specific situation or finding answers to problems based on the circumstances of a specific situation. I found this questionnaire to be more of a quiz on the understanding of leadership styles and development levels needed, rather than a clear indicator of my participative strengths. I did; however, find that I can delegate, support, coach, or direct, depending on the specific situation. Practicing situational leadership in this questionnaire did help me think through what actions I need to take to foster success in specific situations. For instance, I related to situation 4 as I coach another teacher who I work with on a daily basis. Joe, a second year teacher, has the knowledge and the ability to teach well, but sometimes he just needs some words of encouragement to push him forward. I have watched him as a leader in his classroom and among other teachers , which lead me to recommend him for our schoolââ¬â¢s Leadership Team. He was honored to have been selected, but worried about how heShow MoreRelatedReflection On Leadership765 Words à |à 4 PagesLeadership Reflection Due to my passive nature, Iââ¬â¢ve always avoided leadership roles. With that being said I still aspire to be someone who can be looked to as a leader. In order to reach that goal I observe and try to mimic the actions of people that inspire me. There have been many people Iââ¬â¢ve taken orders from, but I have ââ¬Å"followedâ⬠few. Those are the ones I consider to be true leaders, and have tried to be like myself. In general, a leader should be someone who has their stuff together, aRead MoreLeadership Reflection944 Words à |à 4 PagesRonetta Lewis HSA 4939 Leadership Reflection Report Leadership is the root of change, whether it be in a person, organization, or both. It is a skill that is best to be built upon during oneââ¬â¢s entire life and itââ¬â¢s capable of affecting a vast number of people. Everyone automatically assumes that people in higher positions are leaders when in all actuality, anyone has what it takes to be a leader. There are principles of leadership well beyond the book we were assigned to read, but Iââ¬â¢m grateful toRead MoreReflection on Leadership1795 Words à |à 7 Pages Leadership is defined as a process of increased social influence that exploits the efforts of others to accomplish certain goals or vision. It is derived from social influence, and not power or authority. Leaders motivate, inspire, convince, and coach others towards a certain vision. Leadership dwells on emotional intelligence that is the ability to manage oneself and oneââ¬â¢s relationships. Emotional intelligence is achieved through social skill, self-awaren ess, self-management, and social-awarenessRead MoreLeadership Reflection1699 Words à |à 7 Pagesnow believe that this same root cause thinking can be applied personally when examining oneââ¬â¢s leadership ability and potential. Using this strategy, I am now aware of my greatest leadership strength and what drives me as an aspiring leader. This newfound knowledge comes from the careful observation of two great leaders, and a personal experience with trial and tribulation. After participating in a leadership exercise, I proceeded to stay after class to talk to Professor Jerry White. When we first madeRead MoreLeadership Reflection On Leadership And Leadership2843 Words à |à 12 Pages Leadership Reflection Vincent E. M. Panuccio COM 610 Leadership Due: Dec 13, 2014 Iââ¬â¢ve learned that there is no one leader in any team. There are many different things that someone can do within a team to be a leader and show their leadership skills. To me leadership is when someone in a team passes along knowledge or skills to someone else in the team. This knowledge or skill passed along must be beneficial and must be new knowledge and a new experience for theRead MoreLeadership Reflection811 Words à |à 4 PagesThis paper reflects on the following questions: What do you think is your passion? Why do you say this is your passion, as it may be manifested in your personality, personal history and lineage? --- As I was reflecting on this intently, I came across this online article from Harvard Business Review where Peter Drucker, one of the most influential people in the area of modern management, talked about the topic on managing oneself. And an excerpt from this article below quite interests me theRead MoreReflection On Leadership832 Words à |à 4 PagesThe most important lesson I have learned thus far in Leadership and, in fact, the MM DD program is the importance of focusing on your strengths rather than your weaknesses or purely your weaknesses. As far as I can remember whether it be in math class, playing the bass guitar or singing, teachers, tutors and mentors have always emphasized practicing to make up your deficiencies. To improve your score or performance, you had to practice doing problems that you were scoring lowest in or practice soRead MoreLeadership Reflection863 Words à |à 4 Pages I have learned and heard of several different definitions of leadership during my time in this class. First, during our group meeting with Chancellor Jack Hawkins he defined leadership as ââ¬Å"the management of hope.â⬠Next, when I was preparing my two-minute speech I found a definition by Dr. Ben Carson that I enjoyed. He said this, ââ¬Å"I think one of the keys to leadership is recognizing that everybody has gifts and talents. A good leader will learn how to harness those gifts toward the same goal.â⬠Read MoreA Reflection On Strategic Leadership1276 Words à |à 6 PagesA Reflection in Strategic leadership Before coming to USAWC I think that my experience and knowledge gained during the twenty-five years of service is an important quality to possess. At one point I thought: ââ¬Å"A few years until retirement, and probably no special secrets for me to discover during academic year. I can only confirm what I know, gained some new knowledge and meet a bunch of interesting people before returning home. Much to my surprise, already after the first reading and discussionRead MoreReflection On Ethical Leadership946 Words à |à 4 PagesPre-Course Reflection As early as I can remember, it has always been apparent to me that I was born to lead. Of course there is an ongoing debate arguing if leaders are naturally produced or formally taught; it is my assumption that both theories are of substance. For ââ¬Å"natural-born leadersâ⬠, traits such as critical reasoning, problem solving, and the desire to be challenged are often noticed in children as early as pre-school (Karnes Bean, 1996). Other traits such as competence, focus, and effective
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Walmart Accounting Analysis - 2208 Words
Accounting Analysis The purpose of this section is to evaluate the degree to which Wal-Martââ¬â¢s accounting captures its true business practices. Specifically, this section will examine places where Wal-Mart has accounting flexibility. Additionally, this section will evaluate the appropriateness of Wal-Martââ¬â¢s accounting policies and estimating techniques. Together, these provide an indication of the credibility behind Wal-Martââ¬â¢s numbers. A companyââ¬â¢s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companyââ¬â¢s internalâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦After much analysis of Wal-Martââ¬â¢s annual report, it was found that the company uses a financial measure, free cash flow, which is considered a non-GAAP financial measure under the SECââ¬â¢s rules. Free cash flow measures the ability to generate additional cash from business operations and therefore is believed to be an important financial measure to evaluate the businessââ¬â¢ financial performance. As stated in the MDA section of Wal-Martââ¬â¢s annual report, ââ¬Å"Free cash flow should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, income from continuing operations as a measure of our performance and net cas h provided by operating activities as a measure of our liquidity.â⬠There are several methods in calculating a companyââ¬â¢s free cash flow; Wal-Mart views this measure as supplemental information to the firmââ¬â¢s entire statement of cash flows. I feel as though the choice to use the measure of free cash flow may seem deceiving and perhaps mislead readers of Wal-Martââ¬â¢s annual report. Wal-Martââ¬â¢s free cash flow does not represent the actual cash available because the measure does not deduct the payments for debt and other contractual obligations or payments made for business acquisitions Assess Accounting Flexibility Accounting Flexibility: high level Summary of Critical Accounting Policies Management strives to report the financial results of the company in a clear and understandable manner, although in some casesShow MoreRelatedAcc 205 Final Paper1538 Words à |à 7 PagesWalmart Corporation (Financial Overview) William Jones ACC205: Principles of Accounting Instructor: Emmett Denham Date: 2/09/2015 While inaccurate accounting can cause misleading information about the company, every successful company should develop an income statement and balance sheet when monitoring financial growth. Also, formulating a horizontal and ratio analysis creates an accurate trend of the company spending behavior and debt-to-ratio venerability. A balance sheet can be consideredRead MoreWalmart. Background:. Walmart Is A Retail Corporation That1567 Words à |à 7 Pages Walmart Background: Walmart is a retail corporation that has multiple departments in each of its stores around North America. The departments range from clothing, to grocery, to electronics, to many other departments in a Walmart store that will fit a customerââ¬â¢s needs. Walmart is founded in 1962, by Sam Walton, who opened the first Walmart store in Rogers, Arkansas. The Walmart headquarters is in Bentonville, Arkansas. Sam Walton was born in 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. In 1950, Walton movedRead MoreWalmart s Liquidity Ratios Is A Positive And Steady Projection Of The Ratio Values Essay877 Words à |à 4 Pagesthus, the company is placed fairly to support its operational activities. The asset turnover percentage remains steady at 2 % meaning that fewer assets are not properly managed, the company is able to support its day-to-day activities (Stock, 2014). Walmart has enough assets within the company to reach that can be used to take care of the immediate financial obligations (Stock, 2014). The debt ratio of the company is set below the 5 % mark for a substantial period of time. This means that the companyRead MoreInventory Accounting at Wal Mart Stores.1015 Words à |à 5 Pagesnumber of Wal-Mart stores increased and the number of Sams stores increased. WalMart utilized an extensive distribution and tracking system to maintain optimal inventories at each store. They use the retail last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory accounting method for the Wal-Mart Stores segment, cost LIFO for the SAMS CLUB segment. For both financial reporting and tax purposes, Wal Mart used the accrual method of accounting and maintained a perpetual inventory system. Under the perpetual inventory systemRead MoreAmerican Corporation Analysis1389 Words à |à 6 PagesAmerican Corporation Analysis The purpose of this paper is for Team C to select an American Corporation to conduct a financial analysis. Team C has selected Walmart to conduct a comparative and ratio analysis to measure the companyââ¬â¢s profitability and liquidity. Team C will use the following profitability ratios: earning per share, price earnings ratio, return on assets ratio, gross profit rate, asset turnover ratio, payout ratio and return on common stockholdersââ¬â¢ equity ratio to analyze Walmartââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Lack Of Promotion For College Students Essay1275 Words à |à 6 Pagescategorized as brand loyalty. However, college students in Athens are more likely to purchase at AFMââ¬â¢s competitors (Walmart, Kroger) due to AFMââ¬â¢s fewer opening hours and distance. But Deighton et al. (1994) indicates that advertising can have effective influences on brand switching, which would apply to AFM as students start to purchase products at AFM instead of Walmart repeatedly. Further, Walmart (or Kroger) as one of the largest supermarkets in the retail industry can compete and restrict the customerRead MoreTarget Financial Analysis Paper913 Words à |à 4 PagesWhat percent of the total assets were these capital investments? A calculation is used to assess Target and Walmart efficiency that allocating the capital under its control to profitable investments. The return on invested capital gives a sense of how well a company is using their money to generate returns. However, Target sales increased to 4% in 2015 to 2016 but then declined significantly in 2016 to 2017. Target earnings from continuing operations before interest expense and income taxes increasedRead MoreWalmart Business Model Canvas Project1673 Words à |à 7 Pageschose Walmart as the company to focus on for our business model canvas project. Considering that Walmart is the worldââ¬â¢s largest retailer, as well as largest private employer, there is a plethora of information on this mammoth company. Sam Walton, Walmartââ¬â¢s founder, had a simple and noble vision for his stores; he said, ââ¬Å"[We wanted to] reduce the cost of living for the people who shopped in our storesâ⬠(Soderquist, 2016). To this end, he created the big bo x retail format that we see in Walmart and otherRead MoreWalmart s More Recent Activity1083 Words à |à 5 Pagesaffordable foodâ⬠(Torres, Garcia-French, Hordijk, Nguyen 2012, p. 25). Furthermore, Walmart has committed itself to three specific goals to be accomplished in the near future. ââ¬Å"Using 100% renewable energy, creating zero waste and selling products that sustain people and the environmentâ⬠(Torres, Garcia-French. Hordijk, Nguyen 2012, p.26). Similar to the Coca-Cola example discussed above, the holistic approach by Walmart highlights the importance of aligning its actions with stakeholders and with itsRead MoreIkea - Welcome Inside7046 Words à |à 29 PagesFinancial Reporting and Management Accounting EMBA 105 Course-work: Financial Reporting and Management Accounting ââ¬â IKEA Welcome inside Mr. I. Pasmatzis Paul V Grech Cohort 19, Romania April 2012 IKEA Executive Summary Accounting is divided into two distinct systems, financial accounting and management accounting. Both systems have been used to evaluate the accounting situation in IKEA. For comparison, the analysis for another two companies, Walmart and Stanley Furniture Company Inc
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Erika Riemannââ¬â¢s Oral Testimony on Life in East Germany During the Cold War free essay sample
There had been massive destruction of the countryââ¬â¢s infrastructure (Bessel 2011), it lacked political structure and economic activity had plummeted. There was a scarcity of food, fuel and housing and Germany was in no condition to clothe or feed its population (Oââ¬â¢Dochartaigh 2003). Following conferences at Potsdam between the Soviet Union and the Western allies (America, Britain and France) in 1945, Germany was divided into four zones of occupation; the Western Allies in the west and the Soviet Union in the east. Berlin, although entirely in the Eastern Soviet Zone, was divided similarly to the rest of Germany, with the Western Allies controlling the western sectors of Berlin and the Soviet Union controlling the eastern sector (Williamson 2001). Each of the four countries exercised supreme power in their own zones and they began to create a new order in each zone based on their own view of what would be best for the Germans (Williamson 2001). In 1945 in Soviet East Germany, eleven internment camps were set up, to systematically punish those who the soviets saw as enemies. The soviets claimed that the camps would be used as an intern for active Naziââ¬â¢s and opponents of communism. In reality, the camps were full of German youths who had been accused of charges of belonging to Werewolf groups engaged in underground activity against the Soviet Union (Bruce 2003, p. 6). The camps were also used to house opponents of the SED (Socialist Unity party) as well as capitalists, social democrats and communists who did not meet with official approval. Children as young as 14 were imprisoned and it was not necessarily a requirement to have broken the law to be imprisoned. The arrests were indiscriminate, to the point where an internal review by the soviet authorities showed that 35,000 people had been wrongfully arrested (Kitchen 2012). Most of these people were released in 1948; however, there were thousands who were handed over to German authorities in 1949 to complete their sentences. Approximately 150,000 Germans were interned between 1945 and 1950, and the death rates in these camps have been estimated to be around 35-40 percent (Bruce 2003, p. 6). Riemann served 8 years and 16 days of her 10 year sentence as a political prisoner. Following her arrest, she spent time in a castle dungeon at Ludwiglust for questioning. She was forced to confess to crimes she did not commit, including being part of the Nazi resistance movement. She was then taken to Bautzen a prison near Dresden, living conditions were awful, and inmates were locked in cages, the quarters were full of bugs and there were no toilets. She then moved to another prison fortress, Torgau where many women were raped. From there she was moved to the former Nazi concentration camp at Sachenhaun just outside of Berlin, which was run by the German police. She says that at first she had been very happy to be committed to the Germans, as she and other inmates believed that their cases would be reviewed, and they would be released, however, she says that ââ¬Å"what we had to endure under the Germans was worse than everything we had experienced under the Russians. â⬠The inmates were subjected to physical and psychological torture, for instance, Riemann speaks of the inmates being sent to the shower block once a fortnight, and being told that gas would come of the showers. This caused great panic, and they were relieved when only water came out. After Sachsenhausen, Riemann was then sent to Hoheneck prison. She was put in solitary confinement where she tried to hang herself in December 1953. ââ¬Å"I didnââ¬â¢t see any sense in living; I didnââ¬â¢t want to continue. â⬠She was rescued, hospitalized and then sent back to a single cell. She was finally released on January 18th 1954, aged 22. Before she left Hoheneck she had to sign a document saying that she would not talk about her arrest and say only that she was treated well. There are both strengths and limitations in using an oral testimony to learn about the past. While on one hand, it provides a first hand experience that uncovers feelings and interpretations and not just facts, on the other hand, it can be biased and prone to the selectiveness and lapses of memory. Without first hand accounts of such events, there would be many gaps in history as only relying on documents could cause certain information to be covered up or lost. An oral testimony can provide personal insights, or anecdotes rarely found in official document. For instance, Riemann was forced to sign documents stating she was treated well during her internment, and it would not be known otherwise nless she and other prisoners gave their oral testimonies. Most of the limitations surrounding oral testimonies are attributable to human fault. For example, Interviewees may be unwilling to discuss mistakes or errors they made, even years after the event took place. Also, due to the limitation of human memory some interviewees may be unable to provide accurate accounts. This is of par ticular concern when an interviewee is recounting traumatic events or actions. Furthermore, as time elapses between the experience and its recounting, individuals tend to condense the sequence of events and will often omit critical actions and judgments. It took Riemann more than 50 years before she felt able to speak publicly of her experiences. She states in her oral testimony that, ââ¬Å"because I was and am still, of course, the youngest inmate, I need to do something for those people (her fellow inmates at Sachsenhausen). â⬠Riemann witnessed the suffering and death of many inmates during her internment and perhaps this is why she wants to make people aware of what really happened, and to give an insight in to what life really was like for many people living in Soviet East Germany. Talking about, probably helps release some of the internal injury and trauma, rather than keeping it bottled up inside. Erika Riemannââ¬â¢s testimony is a first hand account of life in East Germany during the cold war. While there are both advantages and disadvantages to an oral testimony, the insight it gives into her life during the Cold War is something that cannot be found in documents. Reference List Kitchen, M 2012, A History of Modern Germany: 1800 to the present, Second edition, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Bessel, R 2011, ââ¬ËEstablishing Order in Post-war Eastern Germanyââ¬â¢, Past and Present, 210, 6, 139-157. Bruce, G 2003,ââ¬â¢The prelude to Nationwide Surveillance in East Germanyââ¬â¢, Journal of Cold War studies, 5, 2, 3-31. Oââ¬â¢Dochartaigh, P 2003, Germany Since 1945, Palgrave MacMillan, PLACE. Williamson, D. G 2001, Germany from Defeat to Partition 1945-1963, Addison-Wesley Longman Limited.
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