Nation of Islam and Taking Advantage of People :: Religion

Taking Advantage Throughout history, religions have been created and still today continue to be created. Most people have a common assent that they have inherited from their ancestors they have and always will practice their religion as long as it seems to be in their favor. Some people go to church to cleanse their conscious of the naughty things theyve been doing and fear the wrath of their god. Others may have a lot of things going their way and they want to thank their assurance in religion for these blessings. Other people might be in a situation where life has handed them hardly a morsel of endangerment or faith they may also blame a god for their misfortune or stop believing in religion altogether. These people would be in a prime condition to find faith. Finding faith is a reason why religious studies and practices are so intricately different. state take what they have been told and they mix these views with their own personal life experiences to creat e an ideal trust in someone or something. Some snips people offer believe in someone and take their words as the words of god. To do this they have to trust and hold such a person in the highest respect. In return the person who is in supposed contact with God must value this trust and use it to spread their beliefs. This relationship usually kit and boodle out quite nicely for the people in such a bond. They find a trust in each other and each wee the ability to use one another. In the 1930s a relationship like this spawned in Detroit, Michigan. Wallace Fard, the leader of a new psuedo-Islamic religion, became acquainted with Robert Poole, a southerly migrant with an already growing discontent of self status. Robert Poole saw a rope of faith hanging from Wallace Fard. He became his best friend and in time Fard taught Poole every detail of his Nation of Islam. Fard even declared himself Allah, or God, and disappeared, leaving Robert Poole with a new name and title that would make him the leader of the religious group. Pooles new name became Elijah Muhammad, meaning the prophet messenger of Allah.

Philosophy of Education Essay example -- Philosophy of Teaching Statem

Philosophy As Abigail Adams once said, Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attained to with diligence. undecomposed as students learn with ardor and diligence, t distributively is also a profession learned with ardor and diligence to achieve excellence as a teacher in todays classroom. As I have grown up in a family thriving with teachers, I have seen both lessons taught and lessons learned. Children lav offer a unique reward to see a electric razor learn is an accomplishing and satisfying feeling. To teach is to be an intellectualist, dramatist, psychologist, and many another(prenominal) other titles. Only teaching offers this wide range of possibilitiesand what exciting possibilities these are Teaching styles differ among educators, and it should be the goal of aspiring teachers to analyze themselves to become the best teachers as possible.Imagine a patchwork quilt full of variation in size, color, texture, and detail in every d ifferent piece. This picture is what surfaces in my mind when I think of the reputation of students in todays world. If the quilt represents a classroom, each piece represents a student with different inter-weavings, but similar ties among themselves. My job, as teacher, is to recognize each piece just as unique and contributing as the one beside it. We must remember that each child is shaped differently, both internally and externally, and affected by circumstances that not all may experience. Their nature should be inquisitive and attentive however, these qualities are not always the case in students today. It is the teachers duty to mold his or her students to be better and reach higher in school. It is the teachers duty to understand that each child has a different nature and... ...s public education system requires leaders to take children into the new millennium. This new time period will hold many challenges for our children, and the instruction they will require m ust be from charismatic and caring teachers. Each philosophy molds the way that teachers feel about teaching and teachers, in turn, must mold their students carefully to face many different challenges. Although I believe in the basic attitude of an essentialist, I also believe that teachers must remind and arouse curiosity in their students. As Anatole France best describes it, The whole art of teaching is save the art of awakening the natural curiosity of young minds for the subprogram of satisfying it afterwards. I hope to be that type of teacher who awakens my students to new ideas and remains in their minds as a great inspirer for not only school, but for life as well.

Flaws In Germinal :: essays research papers

The Flaws in GerminalAt first glance, one might say the capitalist system is righteous and it leads to more productivity, but upon apprehensive examination, the system has numerous flaws. As we discussed in class, one of the main flaws was the inability of the thespians to advance themselves in society beyond the point of keeping food in their stomachs. One generation after another follow each other down below into the mines with break cessation.First and foremost the company needs to insure that whole members of the mine town have enough to eat, enough to wear, and a roof over their head. The company can possibly provide clothing and food by a ration-based system that guarantees the people will not die of starvation or frostbite. These are necessities that the company should provide even if they are in debt. The earners should in addition receive a salary based on performance and profits of the company. This spending money can be used for amenities or the worker can save it i f he or she one day desires to move away and attempt to start a better life somewhere else.The forerunner of the problem lies with the education the residents of the mine town receive. Children as young as seven or eight are being sent down to work in the mines when they should be starting school. If families are unable to pay for schooling a type of indentured worker system might work out where shaverren can attend school for free if they agree to provide the company with a year(s) work when they become of age to work. That also brings up the issue of child labor. Children should not work until at least 16 and even then they should not be responsible for dangerous and important jobs such as securing the limbering. another(prenominal) important issue concerns the rights of the workers. Workers unions should be set up and solely should join to make sure that the company does not use and abuse the workers. Unions should unite all workers with the same profession across the region. A strike when carried out effectively will cripple the company and force them to pay higher wages.

Love And Loss Essay -- English Literature

Love And LossI chose to discuss love and loss as these were two strong emotionsthat have occured in my action. They are both(prenominal) very different but alsosimilar in a way.The two songs I snarl dealt with love and loss the best were TheThickness Of Ice by Liz Loxley and Remember by Christina Rossetti.I chose these poems as the thoughts reflected and the experiencesincluded related very much to my own life and views.The Thickness of Ice by Liz Loxley is a well structured, modern poemwhich refers to how strong love can be but how it can also be thecause to end a relationship. It shows how couples need more than loveto hold off them together.Ice is a metaphor for a relationship. The persona uses this to showhow it can be strong and can withstand pressure but can just as easilythaw, crack and eventually break.Also, the persona uses visual metaphors such as thickness (stanzatwo) and thinness of ice. One representing a possible long lastingrelationship, and the new(prenominal) r epresenting how easily it can fall apart.This poem portrays loss as in a couple going their separate ways.Remember by Christina Rossetti is a pre-1900 sonnet which deals withlife after the death of a loved one. It is a request from the poet onwhat to do and how to feel after her death. The persona is puppylike, andthe life expectancy of a young person in Victorian times was not veryhigh compared to modern society. This suggests the persona may bedying which could be the reason she felt she should write her requestsdown for her partner.Rossetti led a religious lifestyle which is evident from many of herpoems and sonnets. For example, in this particular sonnet, she applieseuphenisms to sound less harsh. She ... ...s and experiences. I definitely learnt by dint of my mistakesand will always have regrets. I felt the theme expressed the poetspoints clearly. This poem was different to the sonnet as it focused oninfatuation and a breakup whereas the sonnet focused on eternal love,even a fter the death of one of the partners. I enjoyed Remember as Ifelt it express what I wish for my loved ones when I am gone. It waswell written and Rossettis thoughts were expressed beautifully.Love is considered eternal and memories will never fade, but life hasto go on, whether you have discontinued a relationship or a partnerhas passed on. You shouldnt fall in love with someone you can livewith, you should fall in love with someone you cant live without.And as the Italians say, Lamore e un viaggio dentro noi whichtranslated means Love is a journey inside ourselves.

Slavery In America Essay -- Slavery Essays

     Slavery in the States stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade-Portugal. The African Slave Trade was first exploited for plantations in the Caribbean, and eventually r to each oneed the southern coasts of America. The African natives were of all ages and sexes. Women unremarkably worked in the homes cooking and cleaning, while men were sent out into the plantations to farm. Young girls would usually help in the house besides and young boys would help in the farm by bailing hay and loading wagons with crops. They were shipped from Africa by the Europeans, "The Triangular Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade". This was an organized route where Europeans would travel to Africa bringing manufactured goods, capture Africans and sustain them to the Caribbean, and then take the crops and goods and bring them back to Europe. The African people, in order to communicate invented a language that was a mixture of all the African languages combined,called Creole. They also kept their culture which accounts for calypso music and the instruments used in these songs.      Slavery was common all over the world until 1794 when France signed the Act of the National traffic pattern abolishing slavery. It would take America about a hundred years to do the same. George Washington, Americas first president, was also a slave owner. He deplored slavery but did not release his slaves. Washington wasnt the only president to have slaves. Thomas Jefferson wrote"All men are created equal" but died leaving his slows in slavery.      In 1775 black Americans were sent to fight in the revolutionary army. The British proposed that if a black man was to join their army, they would be set free afterwards. America originally aforethought(ip) not to let the blacks fight in the army, but when hearing this, let them enlist. Only Georgia and South C arolina refused to let them enlist, but paid for their racism when each lost 25,000 blacks to the British. The slaves returned on an honourable discharge after securing Americas freedom, but not their own. Slavery continued and so did the numbers of slaves trying to escape to the free states or into Canada. A runaway slave would be found by bloodhounds, trained to find black slaves. Then the slave, upon retur... ...e" commented Joshua, who is a 16 year old recruiter in California. The race war was in full force by the 1960s. With the growth of white supremacy and their groups, black too had a weapon. Martin Luther King Jr. runway his people to march in Washington to end segregation and to form black unity for an equal and better America. Malcolm X, who was a Muslim, may have abide by from a different religion than his Christian counterpart, but had a very homogeneous message and a similar fate. Both were assassinated. Today the hate groups of America have spread into Canada and are particularly common in Manitoba. The major sections are of the same name as their American cousins with a very similar message. Racism, despite much opposition, will never end. As long as there is fighting among a Jew and a Palestinian or hatred mingled with a white and a black, Racism will be there. Only a utopian society can achieve such a dream. It is in human nature to have a few people that do not understand or possibly hate those who are different but, in fact, we are not different, we are judgmental and we are discriminatory, we segregate. We are unique individuals but among races we are equal and the same.

Slavery In America Essay -- Slavery Essays

     Slavery in America stems well back to when the new world was first discovered and was led by the region to start the African Slave Trade-Portugal. The African Slave Trade was first exploited for plantations in the Caribbean, and eventually reached the southern coasts of America. The African natives were of all ages and sexes. Women usually worked in the homes cooking and cleaning, while men were direct out into the plantations to kick upstairs. Young girls would usually help in the house also and young boys would help in the farm by bailing hay and loading wagons with crops. They were shipped from Africa by the Europeans, "The Triangular Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade". This was an organized route where Europeans would travel to Africa bringing manufactured goods, capture Africans and contribute them to the Caribbean, and accordingly take the crops and goods and bring them back to Europe. The African commonwealth, in order to communicate invented a language that was a mixture of all the African languages combined,called Creole. They also unploughed their culture which accounts for calypso music and the instruments used in these songs.      Slavery was common all over the world until 1794 when France signed the Act of the National Convention abolishing slavery. It would take America about a hundred years to do the same. George Washington, Americas first president, was also a slave owner. He deplored slavery but did not exhaust his slaves. Washington wasnt the only president to waste slaves. Thomas Jefferson wrote"All men argon created equal" but died leaving his blacks in slavery.      In 1775 black Americans were sent to fight in the revolutionary army. The British proposed that if a black man was to join their army, they would be set free afterwards. America originally planned not to let the blacks fight in the army, but when hearing this, let them enlist. Only Georgia and S outh Carolina refused to let them enlist, but paid for their racism when each wooly 25,000 blacks to the British. The slaves returned on an honourable discharge after securing Americas freedom, but not their own. Slavery continued and so did the numbers of slaves trying to escape to the free states or into Canada. A runaway slave would be found by bloodhounds, trained to find black slaves. Then the slave, upon retur... ...e" commented Joshua, who is a 16 year old recruiter in California. The head for the hills war was in full force by the 1960s. With the growth of white supremacy and their groups, black too had a weapon. Martin Luther King Jr. lead his people to march in Washington to end segregation and to form black unity for an equal and better America. Malcolm X, who was a Muslim, may have come from a different religion than his Christian counterpart, but had a very similar message and a similar fate. Both were assassinated. Today the hate groups of America have spread in to Canada and are particularly common in Manitoba. The major sections are of the same name as their American cousins with a very similar message. Racism, contempt much opposition, will never end. As long as there is fighting among a Jew and a Palestinian or hatred between a white and a black, Racism will be there. Only a utopian society can achieve such a dream. It is in mankind nature to have a few people that do not understand or possibly hate those who are different but, in fact, we are not different, we are judgmental and we are discriminatory, we segregate. We are unique individuals but among races we are equal and the same.

Life Vision

Stable, positive environment that enables my family to grow and prosper. I want to create a legacy for my children to add to and pass along to their children. As humans, we dont live forever. And, for most of us, we wont end up in the history books. However, this doesnt resolve us to be forgotten when the final bell rings. I rattling feel that we can live forever in the sense that the generations that come after us will use the lessons and values that we taught them. I feel oddly strong about this belief as a parent.I want to be a good wife, daughter, sister, mother and friend. In addition, I want to be a good employee and have got a successful career without ever having to compromise the principles that guide my life. By good, I mean that I want to be honest, trustworthy, compassionate, caring, loving, forgiving, and above all, I want to be a productive member of society. If I can accomplish my mission, the results may not be tangible, but they will have me personal satisfactio n.The moral values taught to me by the positive adults in my life and my religion is what guides every aspect of my life. I will never allow emulation for power or money to influence y mission or my daily life if it meaner that I have to compromise my principles. My daily life is manoeuver by my mission. Honesty and integrity are a major part of my life and I try meeting my LIFEs commitments with the same. I feel that I am very fortunate to have a guide to accomplish my lifes mission.My guide is not one person or one thing it is the experiences that I have had, the people that have taught me along the way, and my interpretation of it all that illuminates the path to my future. The beauty of being an interactive member of society is the exposure to other people, their values, and their experiences. It is comparable to take in at the worlds greatest buffet every ideal, every value, and every experience is there to learn from, but you only have to take away what you take to. This c oncept applies to both my professional life and personal life.As a woman with many Jobs to balance, I always try to adopt good examples of leadership from those round me. So over the next 5 years I have plans that are not going to be easy to get to but sanitary worth it in the end. For starters over the next year I am going to continue with my core classes for the R. N program with Chattahoochee Tech. In the fall of 2014 1 hope to be able to apply to R. N program and get in. Fingers crossed. During this time my family and I are going to take our first family vacation to Disney World.Also when I finish the program with Chattahoochee Tech I am going to bridge to Keenness State. During this time I will continue to try and get my piece in the door at Childrens Health Care of Atlanta. Which is where I would the likes of to work in the ERE when I am finished with school. I would also like to have a nice home of our own but all of those things I will work out as I come to them. manners cannot be planned perfectly. Hardships are thrown our way, and well experience road-bumps. The important thing to remember is that we never let go of our dreams.Aim high, work hard and accomplish what youve aline out to do. Although my plans may change, Im willing to work to make them happen. Finally , Who will and can help me reach my goals. My family, I have talked with them in great particular proposition about my plans over the next 5 years and they all are very supportive. Summary, I feel my mission statement of being viewed favorably by those that care for and care about me is being achieved. I also feel my actions in my daily life match well with my mission and I guess to ensure this continues in the future.

By 112 Study Guide

Silence of the Bees How do bees communicate? Bees communicate by dance (the waggle dance). A methodic combination of buzzing, pitiful the behind in a figure-eight stylus that informs other bees about pollen/ food that is put up in a disjointicular area. Why are bees so implicationant to the U. S. agriculture industry? Honeybees are the more or less important pollinator on the planet. They pollinate crops, which in turn creates food to eat. What percentage of the industry do bees account for? They account for one-third (more than 30%) of the food that is produced in America.They pollinate at least 100 of our most important crops (cotton, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, etc. ) What are some graphic dangers to the bee industry? Natural dangers to the bee industry would be natural disasters (wildfires, hurricanes, tornados), wild animals (mainly bears) What is considered adequate pollination? What is CCD? Colony Collapse Dis state. This is a phenomenon in which prole bees from a beehive/colony abruptly disappear. When did it become a detectable problem? Winter 2006 is when the issue was noticed, but it wasnt until the following spring that it was named CCD and was being researched heavily. What are characteristics of CCD versus other hive disturbances/illnesses? The bees are completely vanishing, as strange to a mite infestation where the bees would be crawling on the ground. Also, other insects leave infected hives untouched What types of crops are affected by CCD? A lot of crops are affected, all the crops that are pollinated by bees In the video, blueberries, oranges, apples, cantaloupes (travel 55 hundred miles per year). Where do we get rude(a) bee colonies in the U. S. for industry work? We import bees from Australia.The Australian bees are the bees that could progress to potentially carried CCD to the US. What are factors thought to possibly contribute to CCD? Pesticides (which impair bees ability to learn causing them to forget their way derriere to the hive), cell phones interfere with be navigation, mites, or a pathogen causing this rare occurrence are all factors that scientists have thought to contribute to CCD If CCD continues, what would happen to the uncouth industry? Ultimately the agricultural business would die, food expenses would rise, unless we are willinging to use hand pollination. What if any crops would be left? The crops pollinated by the environment (wind or rain) Examples are corn wheat, rooted crops (potatoes, carrots, etc. ) What is the approximate lifespan of worker bees? The approximate lifespan of a worker bee is 28-35 long time What sex are worker and drone bees? Worker bees are fe young-begetting(prenominal) (collect pollen and pollinate other flowers) and drone bees are male (sole excogitation= mate with queen) What is HFCS? High Fructose Corn sirup According to the lawsuit study, what impact might HFCS have on CCD? If not stored properly, substances within HFCS will form HMF (hydroxymethlfurfural). According to the article used in the case study, what major issues/concerns were addressed by the authors? The first issue is how commercial workers are storing the HFCS in transportation. Also, how the apples will get pollinated if the bees keep dying/disappearing. What are the favours to the commercial use of HFCS? It is lax to store if properly stored, stable shelf life (will hold for a long period of time), and cheap (because we have a lot of it it is easy to find and purchase). It is used to sweeten foods. Earth turns Which side of the worm did we cut into? We cut into the dorsal side of the worm (the back).The dorsal side of the worm was smooth and darker than the adaxial side (the underside) dwell the purpose of all the organs we discussed. Dorsal side is dark and sees smooth Ventral side is lighter and has a rough feel caused by setae Setae Bristles that aid in providing traction for suit Metameres are the body segments that are internal ly separated by septa Clitellum the light-colored cylindrical structure smashed to one residue of the worm -a glandular organ that produces mucus for copulation -secretes the cocoon into which eggs are deposited Head or Anterior end of worm is the one closest to the clitellum at he tip is the mouth Posterior or Caudal anus (where waste is removed) is rigid here. Oviducts small openings located on the ventral side where eggs emerge followed by sperm cellatozoan ducts (located on segments 14 and 15) Cerebral Ganglion (brain) located at the cranial tip of the worm aortic Arches (heart) 5 around the esophagus pump blood in a closed circulatory governing body What is coelomic roving and why is it important for earthworms? The coelomic smooth-spoken is located in the coelom (body cavity) that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton to support the body and aid in movement.What is the typhlosole? The typhlosole is the fold or ridge in the catgut that increases efficiency. Why do we di ssect Earthworms? We dissect earthworms because they are a great introductory specimen. They lack a skeleton which makes dissection easier. They have some organs of more highly evolved organisms such as a closed circulatory strategy and simple digestive system. What type of circulatory system do earthworms have? Earthworms have a closed circulatory system with hemoglobin and amebocytes. They are the simplest organism with a closed system.Blood is pumped by a heart through vessels and doesnt fill the body cavity. What do earthworms eat? Earthworms eat organic matter such as leaf, litter, animal waste, etc. How do earthworms obtain oxygen? Earthworms moldiness absorb oxygen via diffusion through their moist skin because they dont have any respiratory organs. How does their habitat affect this? Earthworms are burrowers found within rich soil which stays moist, aiding in the earthworms obtaining of oxygen. If earthworms dry out or the soil dries out, they die (suffocate) because oxy gen cant diffuse into their skin.These creatures have adapted by doing two things 1) slowing down bodily rifles during dry spells to conserve pissing 2) they can lose up to 70% of their body water before dying in this condition. How do earthworms reproduce? Earthworms reproduce sexually even though they are hermaphrodites. During mating, both worms exchange sperm to fertilize the eggs. This is an advantage because it creates more genetic diversity. Be able to identify structures in drawings like those in the handout. pic pic pic Know directional terms. Posterior towards the caudal end (foot/tail)Anterior towards the forward end (head) Dorsal back side of the animal Ventral bottom side of worm tummy side Know the definitions of the external & internal structures we discussed while dissecting the earthworm. immaterial Dorsal side is dark and feels smooth Ventral side is lighter and has a rough feel caused by setae Setae Bristles that aid in providing traction for moveme nt Metameres are the body segments that are internally separated by septa Clitellum the light-colored cylindrical structure close to one end of the worm o a glandular organ that produces mucus for copulation secretes the cocoon into which eggs are deposited Head or Anterior end of worm is the one closest to the clitellum at the tip is the mouth Posterior or Caudal anus (where waste is removed) is located here. Oviducts small openings located on the ventral side where eggs emerge followed by sperm ducts (located on segments 14 and 15) INTERNAL Reproductive System Know the path taken by sperm to exit the male body during ejaculation. Be able to explain including all glands and secretions on the path.At the time of ejaculation sperm leaves the epididymis via the vas deferens. As it goes through the vas deferens to the urethra it picks up the following fluids in order nutritive fluid from the seminal vesicles ( milky alkaline fluid from the prostate ( mucous fluid for lubricati on from the Bulbourethral gland/Cowpers gland. Why are so galore(postnominal) sperm produced? So many sperm are created because not all of the sperm make it to the egg. Many die trying to fight their way through the acidity/stickiness of the female reproductive organs.Sperm must work extremely hard to reach the egg and once it gets to the egg it must continue its rough travel breaking through the zona (hard outer shell of the egg) Know the definitions of male and female reproductive terms discussed in class. MALE= penis Penis represent of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue o Corpus cavernosa 2 cylinders on dorsal part of the penis o Corpus Spongiosum surrounds the urethra distal end is hypertrophied to form the glans penis Scrotum thin membranous sac that houses testes. Testes o Produce approx. 200-300 million sperm/ 24hrs in each testes o Approx. 700 ft. f seminiferous tubules 80% of testes. o Essential male organs o Proper function is dependent on temperature Epididymis o laid over the top back portions of the junky o Store immature sperm Vas Deferens Tube through which sperm leave the epididymis during ejaculation seminal Vesicles add nutrient rich fluid for sperm Prostate o Golf ball size o Produces a milky alkaline fluid possibly to help with proper function of the flagella Bulbourethral Gland/ Cowpers Gland produces a mucous fluid to act as lubrication during ejaculation. FEMALE= vagina ? Folds of tissue that are covered with hair on the outdoors ?Smooth and moist inside folds ? Located between bladder and rectum ? Capable of great expansion to allow fetal development ? Lined with endometrium ? lead from womb to ovaries ? Have fimbriae extensions at end by ovaries to catch released eggs. ? Ova employment begins about the 7th week of embryonic development ? At birth each ovary contains approx. 1 million follicles with the potential to develop into eggs ? Approx. 80% of follicles omit by puberty leaving about 400,000 ? Only about 400 eggs will mature throughout reproductive life of female Why do so many sperm not survive?So many sperm dont survive because of their short lifespan and the environments each individual sperm encounters after entering the vagina. For example the vagina is acidic so approx. 25% of the sperm die immediately upon entry. Once the environment becomes fluid again, the sperm remain viable for 28-48 hours before sperm run out of nutrients and starve. The female defense system attacks sperm as foreign invaders. And the sperm must make it through the cervix (usually thick mucus) which secretes a protein fluid called musin. Once it gets through the cervix, it enters the uterus moving through the uterine cavity.The flagella of the sperm must work harder to go up the fallopian tube (swimming against current) finally reaching the EGG 60% of sperm is less than perfect. What is the deviance between sperm and semen? Sperm is the male sex cell of semen that fertilizes an egg, whereas semen is the combi nation of fluids and sperm that leave the penis via the urethral opening. source is sperm mixed with nutritional fluid from the seminal vesicles, alkaline fluid from the prostate, and mucus from the Bulbourethral/cowpers gland Be able to identify and label the male anatomy. pic Be able to identify and label the female anatomy. pic pic What are the male and female sex organs? Know the composition/purpose of each and be able to compare the two. MALE= penis Penis composed of 3 cylinders of erectile tissue o Corpus cavernosa 2 cylinders on dorsal part of the penis o Corpus Spongiosum surrounds the urethra distal end is enlarged to form the glans penis Scrotum thin membranous sac that houses testes. Testes o Produce approx. 200-300 million sperm/ 24hrs in each testes o Approx. 700 ft. of seminiferous tubules 80% of testes. Essential male organs o Proper function is dependent on temperature Epididymis o Located over the top back portions of the testis o Store immature sperm Vas De ferens Tube through which sperm leave the epididymis during ejaculation Seminal Vesicles add nutrient rich fluid for sperm Prostate o Golf ball size o Produces a milky alkaline fluid possibly to help with proper function of the flagella Bulbourethral Gland/ Cowpers Gland produces a mucous fluid to act as lubrication during ejaculation. FEMALE= vagina ? Folds of tissue that are covered with hair on the outside ?Smooth and moist inside folds to cap the ends of the corpus carvernosa (similar tissue to that of the corpus spongiosum in males) ? Located between bladder and rectum ? Capable of great expansion to allow fetal development ? Lined with endometrium ? lead from uterus to ovaries ? Have fimbriae extensions at end by ovaries to catch released eggs. ? Ova production begins about the 7th week of embryonic development ? At birth each ovary contains approx. 1 million follicles with the potential to develop into eggs ? Approx. 0% of follicles degenerate by puberty leaving about 400 ,000 ? Only about 400 eggs will mature throughout reproductive life of female What is the purpose of each reproductive structure covered in class? Answered in the above question. Know all of the glands and organs involved in the endocrine system along with their functions Consists of glands that produce hormones to regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism, personality, etc. Hormones highly specialized chemicals that act as messages to organs carried in the blood stream throughout the body. Pituitary gland (Hypophysis) produces growth hormone and regulatory hormones Thyroid produces thyroxin which regulates metabolic rate Hypothalamus secretes regulatory hormones Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphate levels in blood Adrenal gland produces corticosteroids, epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine Pancreas islets of Langerhans produce insulin rest of pancreas produces digestive enzymes Ovaries Estrogen, progesterone Testes testosterone How many eggs are full-blown during one female hertz?Females are natural with 1,000 eggs and over a lifetime only 400 eggs reach maturation, but during ONE female cycle a SINGLE is matured and sent out to be fertilized. How long is an average female cycle? An average female cycle = 28 days Know the phases of the menstrual cycle in detail. o Average of 28 day cycle o Involves release of mature egg, shedding of old endometrium and formation of new endometrium o follicular phase first 14 days of cycle ? 1st week old endometrium is shed (menstruation) follicular development begins ? nd week formation of new endometrium follicular development continues ? Ovulation release of mature ovum around the 14th day egg has approx. 24 hrs. to join sperm. o Luteal phase endometrium continues to fasten for possible implantation of embryo o If implantation does not occur by the end of the 28 day (average) cycle then menstrual eject occurs and the cycle begins again. Know the embryonic and fetal development d iscussed in the power point, video, and in your book. -Blastocyst 5 days after conception -Implantation occurs within 10 days -4 weeks = arm buds, beginning of eyes 5 weeks = nose -6 weeks = leg buds embryo 0. 5 inches -7 weeks = ? inch clearly defined fingers, visible internal organs and eye lenses -8 weeks = well defined fingers and toes -10 weeks = embryo=fetus can move approx. 2 inches long -14 weeks = fetus can bring hands together and suck thumb -15 weeks = sensorial organs are almost complete -16 weeks = can actively turn -Fetal respiration = baby breathes fluid in and out. What is spermatogenesis? The production of sperm begins between the ages of 9-12 Know the structure of sperm and how/where they form and develop. pic -Sperm is manufactured in the testes (testicle) in the seminiferous tubules. -Immature sperm are stored in the epididymis until ready for ejaculation. -Haploid cells (23 chromosomes) -Comprised of general three parts headpiece, midpiece, nemesis What i s the average production rate (may be a range) of sperm in a healthy male? More than 400 billion sperm is produced in lifetime and 200-300 million sperm produced daily. In normal semen, there is approx. 39 million (range from 33-46 mil) sperm/ejaculation

Proposal for Reparations of African Americans Essay

During the mid 1950s to late 1960s African Americans started responding to the oppressive treatment shown to them by the majority of white-hot state in the country. They responded to the segregation of blacks and whites during that time and the double standards the African Americans were held to. African Americans responded to their suppression by participating in boycotts, marches, sit-ins, and trying to get legislation passed so that they could overcome their degrading situation. They were successful in many of these actions and through them brought around more rights for African Americans.Boycotts were a major way that the African Americans got their voices and wants heard. The most illustrious boycott was probably the Montgomery Bus Boycott. After the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat to a white man, Martin Luther top executive junior , urged the people of Montgomery to boycott the bus system. African Americans didnt want to be considered substandard to w hite people, and they didnt want to be forced to be subservient to them on buses. They didnt think it was fair that they had to sit in the back of buses and give up their seats to white people.As King ensnare it, there comes a time when people get tired of being trampled over by the iron feet of oppression (King 347). Because African Americans were ready to do something to brook their rights they followed Kings advice to work with grim and firm determination to gain justice on the buses in this city through boycotting (King 348) The Montgomery bus boycott make the public transportation system realize how important African Americans were to the transportation system.The combined effect of loss of money and pressure from around the country created a victory for the African American well-mannered Rights movement. The boycott lasted 382 days, until the law allowing racial segregation on buses was lifted and white people and African-Americans were able to sit wheresoever they wish ed to on buses. There were also boycotts of businesses where the segregation of African Americans was still very prevalent. Many of these boycotts were successful. The boycotts caused enough financial difficulties that the segregated businesses either had to close or integrate.Diners where African Americans had to sit separate from white people or where African Americans werent served at all were boycotted against as well until that diner served African Americans and allowed them to sit wherever they treasured and with whomever they wanted. Diners also faced the difficulty of sit-ins if they refused to serve African Americans. In Greensboro, North Carolina, a black college student named Joseph McNeill was refused service at the counter of a restaurant. The next day he and three of his friends came and sat at the lunch counter waiting to be served.They werent served that day. The four of them returned to the lunch counter to each one day, but were never served. The students were aw are each day that they came to the lunch counter that they would probably not be served, but they were also aware that this form of unbloody protest could be a powerful method in accomplishing the desegregation of lunch counters (McElrath 1). Then, an article in the New York Times, brought notice to this sit-in and many new(prenominal) students joined in on the sit-in. This started a chain of sit-ins around the country to protest the ill-treatment of African-Americans.Despite many hardships, including being beaten and doused with Ammonia, more people kept showing up at these demonstrations. The sit-ins were effective in the fact that restaurants either served the African-Americans at the counter, or closed down. In one case a restaurant took out all of the chairs in the restaurant so that no one could be served anywhere, which ended up causing him to have to close down. In addition to sit-ins, there were also kneel-ins at churches where African-Americans were not allowed to worship due to race. Sit-ins and kneel-ins were very effective.As John F. Kennedy tell, the protestors have shown that the new way for Americans to stand up for their rights is to sit down (Kennedy 1). litigatees were also a prevalent way in which African Americans showed their discontent and fought out for their rights. Black leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. led marches on major cities, trying to voice their support of the civic Rights movement. One of the first marches in support of courteous Rights was the protest march led by three ministers, including Martin Luther King Jr. , in Birmingham, Alabama.The march was met by policemen and dogs and the three ministers were put into jail. This was where King wrote his inspiring, Letter From Birmingham Jail, which lay out forth the need for the non-violent protest against unjust laws. This call for non-violent protests was one of the major factors that induced people to take the path of non-violent protests in order to promote gracious Rights. Perhaps the most famous march in favor of Civil Rights was The March on Washington. Civil Rights leaders, Bayard Rustin and Philip Randolph, were the chief planners of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.They wanted to embody in one gesture civil rights as well as national economic demands. (Randolph 1). The march was held on August 28, 1963, and more than 200,000 demonstrators gather in front of the Washington Memorial to protest against the ill treatment of minorities, primarily African Americans, and to listen to many speakers, including Martin Luther King Jr. , who gave his famous I have a dream speech. The march had six official goals, but the major one was the passage of the civil rights law that the Kennedy administration had proposed after the problems in Birmingham.The march gained its purpose, but not without much controversy and struggle. The African American voice could not be ignored though, and many advances for Civil Rights were gained through the March on Washington, a march that would go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation (King 1) some other very effective response to the degradation of African Americans was to try to get legislation passed. One of the landmark cases for Civil Rights was Brown v. Board of Education. This case over-turned the popular opinion in Plessy v.Ferguson which said that schools could be segregated as long as they were equal in education and facilities. Brown v. Board of Education explicitly said that there is no way that separate can be equal and that by having separate but equal schools, the government was blatantly ignoring the 14th amendment which states, No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any State deny to any person within its legal power the equal protection of the laws (Congress 1).This court case caused the schools to be integrated, which was on e of the first steps to racial equality. Another important ruling in the fight for Civil Rights was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that, All persons shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and accommodations of any place of public accommodation without difference or segregation on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origins (Congress 350) This meant that.African Americans couldnt be turned down from jobs due solely to race, their voting rights couldnt be taken into question due to race, and they couldnt be denied service in any public facilities. This piece of legislation had a far arrive at impact, and furthered along the Civil Rights movement. Another very important piece of legislation was the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This outlawed the use of literacy tests to determine the right to vote. This gave more African Americans the ability to vote and to have a say in t he government that was ruling them.The ability to vote allowed African Americans to have a voice in government and to elect people that they thought would further their rights. The ability of African Americans to get legislation passed that supported their rights was a major step in the benefit of the treatment of African Americans and made it so that legally people could not discriminate against, segregate, or deny voting rights to them. The different responses of the African American Community, including boycotts, marches, sit-ins, and combat for legislation, changed civil rights in the United States.The African Americans fought out against injustice, just as our founding fathers fought out against the injustice of the British. Their efforts helped create a more integrated and judge society where race is not the only thing people see when looking at a person. Although the society today is not perfectly pass judgment of all races, society is much more accepting than it was half a century ago, and that is due largely to the African American movements in favor of Civil Rights. Works Cited Brown v. Board of Education. Wikipedia. Wikipedia. 2 Feb 2007 .African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968). Wikipedia. Wikipedia. 29 Jan 2007 . Brief Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement (1954 1965). Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement. 29 Jan 2007 . King, Martin Luther. Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. Defends Seamstress Rosa Parks, 1955. Major Problems in American History Volume II. Edited. Edited. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. The March on Washington. The Civil Rights Movement. 2 Feb 2007 . McElrath, Jessica. African American History. Lunch Counter Sit-Ins. About. 2 Feb 2007 .

Folk Art

Authors wanted to how their pride in their culture by strengthening their identity as a coloured insist dead of imitating the way whites wrote. The mental hospital states, God thought and thought, till he t Hough Ill make me a man This is an example Of an author using dialect to show their pride f or their culture. Homesick Blues states, Homesick blues, Laid, S a terrible thing to have. HTH s quote also shows pride in his culture because of the situation that he is writing about being h mommies using dialect. Black Authors would often criticize those who mimicked white literature.The eye believed they could show pride by continuing to speak and write in African American dialect in order to celebrate the lives of African Americans. While some authors though writing n their make dialect was not traditional, African Americans began writing folk art. This raise d awareness of the culture and enabled authors to write their story as slaves in their own dial etc. Longs Hughes once sa id, no great poet has ever been afraid Of being hi myself. He shares that opinion with other authors who illustrate folk art.These writers the ought the vanquish ay to show racial pride was to create folk art. Homesick Blues states, Look in for a box car to roll me to De South. This excerpt shows the authors delight for him home in t he south just standardized any average man would. Pop Boy Blues states, when was home De Sunshine seemed like gold. Since came up North De whole damn worlds turned cold. This is another ere example of an average everyday man missing his homeland and being treated differently in an unfamiliar place. The Great Migration was the moving of African Americans from the South to the North.They opted moving would leave racial discrimination in the south and hoped to fin d new-made opportunities up North. Harlem population Of African Americans rose from 1 O percent in 191 0, to 98 percent in 1950. This heightened the number of black owned touch nesses ma king Harlem a symbol of African American self sufficiency. Thus creating a time of great racial pride for African Americans. Their pride in the culture then became a major t home in their art and poetry. From then on in order to end racial discrimination, black artists b Egan creating high and folk art.

Social Smoking

One potentially important factor is social influence (Van den Putte, Yzer, & Brunsting, 2005), as this has been shown to be a strong predictor of the uptake of weed (Kobus, 2003 Mayhem, Flay, & Mott, 2000). An important model which explicitly takes into account social influence and the role of the social environment is the theory of planned demeanor (TPB Ajzen, 1991).This theory proposes that peoples intentions to behave in particular ways are informed by three main factors their personal attitude towards the behaviour their perceptions of social pressure from significant others to perform the behaviour, or subjective norms and the amount of control they believe they have over performing the behaviour, or perceived behavioral control.In the take domain, TPB variables have been shown to predict both quitting intentions (Abrams & Biener, 1992 Droomers, Schrijvers, & Mackenbach, 2004 Godin, Valois, Lepage, & Desharnais, 1992 Norman, Conner, & Bell, 1999) and actual quitting (Godin et al. , 1992 Norman et al. , 1999), as well as the uptake of smoking among adolescents (Wilkinson & Abraham, 2004). Of primary interest to the vex study is the role of subjective norms. Out of the three main TPB variables, norms have generally been shown to have the weakest effect on intentions (Armitage & Conner, 2001 Godin & Kok, 1996).However, it has been argued that this is due to the poor measurement and at odds(predicate) conceptualisation of norms (Armitage & Conner, 2001) or the lack of variation of norms within a culture at any point in time. Research by Wiium, Torsheim, and Wold (2006) demonstrated that distinguishable kinds of norms differentially influence intentions and behaviour, and argued that the assessment of different kinds of norms in the TPB model can both extend the concept of norm and improve its predictive power. In the comprise study we distinguish between norms from significant others (i. e. erceptions of what significant others believe about smoking) and societal norms (i. e. perceptions of what society in general believes about smoking). In this respect, we depart from precedent smoking research that has treated these kinds of norms as deuce components of a higher order social norm (e. g. Hammond, Fong, Zanna, Thrasher, & Borland, 2006). We argue that it is important to distinguish between these two sources of prescriptive influence, as individuals perceptions of the broader social desirability of smoking may differ from their perceptions of what their significant others believe.This distinction is particularly important when examining cultures that have quite different normative environments regarding smoking. In some countries, such as Australia and the USA, smoking has become a socially undesirable behaviour. This has occurred, at least partially, through decades of communication about the harms of smoking and a range of tobacco control policies, including the reduced capacity of tobacco companies to promote their product s, health warnings on cigarette packs, and restrictions on where smoking is permitted.However, the social undesirability of smoking is not a global phenomenon. Some countries, such as Malaysia, have had a comparatively tobacco-friendly environment, with a relative lack of strongly enforced tobacco control policies and a higher prevalence of smoking than in many Western countries, at least among men. Nevertheless, individual Malaysian smokers families and close social networks may still disapprove of smoking. Thus, it is of interest to examine the relative influence of these two potentially opposing smoking norms on quitting intentions in different countries.

Bakra Beverages Negotiation Case Essay

The negotiation was fast. BebsiCo gave me a price for a yearly contract of $4 M and I agreed. We agreed to accomplish again attached year after seeing the percentage of the target market we have reached. The deal was fair, and created value for me (reputation and possibility to obtain financing). I also noticed them roughly the availability to distribute in the largest chain-restaurant in the country (low cost for us, high value for them).This was an example of a claiming value negotiation, where both parties tried to achieve an private gain (the best price) and only the price being discussed. However, it has integrative issues as well, because it is important to build a long-term relationship to keep distributing in the future. My BATNA was bankruptcy, and my reserve point very low, so any deal for me would be good. It was important to try to get a lot of information from the other party out front you negotiate the price, because you may find out something. The opening party d iscussing the price shows a lot. So I tried to give her all the information I had (about my experience, my contacts) and ask her about things such as why dont you want to work with Kabir or why ar you interested in operative with us. Based on our answers, it was clear that we both had the same interest succeed together.I learned from this negotiation that in claiming value negotiation, there are ways to include creating value issues. We could have negotiated including if you do this, then you get that. I also learned that it is important to know the reference points before you negotiate to get a fair deal. Parties may have assymetric information, but sharing information helps achieving your interest.

Human resources Research Proposal Essay

Proposed Research Topic A situational analysis of the role of Human Resource Management programs in developing competency purpose tests, training and development, analyzing quality of work life, and overall employee attitudes. Purposes In this project I will look for the holes that Human Resource Departments in all scopes of business excuse in determining the best fit for their companies.In particular, I will explore how competency part affects department efficiency, recruiting, retention rates, and general employee satisfaction. Such a study should give insight into the workings of Human Resource Departments and open doors to concepts that are too often overlooked or non used in conjunction with other practices. Also, the study will prove the necessity for more extensive candidate study in order to recruit and retain the compensate jobs for the right employees. Search Terms* Competency Mapping * Training and teaching * Quality of work life * Employee Attitude * Human Resource s Management * Human Resources DevelopmentArticles1. Holland, P. In Australia, a study group has found that HR departments at various firms are allocating resources towards some of the wrong areas within their employee structure and need to direction them more on recruitment and retention. Skill and labor shortages spurred the initiating of the studies and found that in order for these Australian organizations to compete both domestically and internationally they must allocate the right resources to the right areas.2. Levi, A. S. In a quantitative study, reactions of African Americans and Whites were noted to describe the results of Affirmative Action Programs (AAP) within the HR department. Attitudes of AA has been mixed of course, but use to four HR activities including hiring, promotions, training, and layoffs proved differing opinions exist when analyzing both advanced undergraduate and MBA participants reactions. AA has frequently made available controversy in the workplace as inequitable to non-beneficiary groups, especially white males, who understandably may resist such practices.3. Toh, S., Morgeson In a quantitative study, researchers found that bundling HR practices rather than just item-by-item HR practices made a large impact on effecting employee performance. Since employee performance is a multi-dimensional factor that includes ability and motivation, it only makes sense that aiming strategies at multiple angles would addition response in employees. Based on results found, individual organizations displayed stronger competence and positive results in their respected HR bundle chosen to focus on.4. Naqvi, F. Inside all(prenominal) business lays a Human Resource Department that is dedicated to hiring and retaining the most competent employees for any given job opening. The basic premise of competency mapping is finding the right person for the right job, but this is literally just the tip of the iceberg. Just because a candidate displays strong academic records and knowledge does not necessary elicit the best fit for said candidate. Also, personality testing cannot be the sole means of weeding out candidates, as they do not explore the multi-dimensional aspects that will be needed to efficiently and successfully fulfill job expectations and purposes.

Hard Times Essay

Dickens presents his critical review of the training for the labouring household in a sarcastic manner. He has created the classroom as a factory. The purpose of the reading in Coketown is to root out the innocence and imagination of young children so they will grow into utilitarian robots expecting secret code more than the drudgery of industrial life. Dickens uses specific methods to put his point across of bad education by using negative views.This is done with exaggeration because he wants the reader to think the same as what he thinks so it seems like education was extreme and intense. In Hard Times, the teachers fulfil the excessive teaching skills as they just want the little vessels to be filled with facts. Dickens also presents a contrast between two children to show how differently each child gets treated because of their background or their attitude towards things other than facts. Another method that he uses is making the characters stand out through their call to s ymbolise their personality.Throughout chapters 1-3, Dickens emphasises on the word facts because he wants to continuously present and criticise the education for the labouring class. Now, what I want is, Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing nevertheless Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life This is the opening sentence of the novel and straight away you have a vague melodic theme of the extremism of teaching. Also the word fact is in capital letters and this signifies the importance of learning nothing but facts. The introduction of the teacher has a lot of exaggeration at hand.Thomas Gradgrind is a middle-class, self-made man. A man of realities a man of facts and calculations. Dickens has made this character a very hard and low temperature teacher who knows what he wants from the students. He seemed a kind of cannon loaded to the muzzle with facts Dickens uses troops imagery to show how the teacher wants to get rid of childhood imagination. He seemed a galvanising appar atus, too, charged with a grim mechanical substitute for the tender young imaginations that were to be stormed away.Dickens has draw this as some sort of physics experiment because galvanising is the process named after Galvan in the stimulant drug of animal tissue by electric currents. But in this case it is the young children that are existence stimulated with factual currents. Dickens has made the teacher to be very hard-hearted and cruel and this is to present his criticism on the education for the labouring class because he evidently disagrees with this concept of teaching and he wants the readers to facial expression the same way by using the different language techniques and this is mostly done through exaggeration.

The American Red Cross

The Ameri give the axe Red vitiate is a non-profit volunteer transcription that provides various humanitarian services for free. The three most important concepts that the organisation should consider ar the mission statement, the recruitment of other volunteers, and the capability to maintain fiscal control. These concepts will alter the American Red miscegenation to stop consistent with its goals on a long term dry land and to further enhance its capabilities in the face of pressing situations.It is said that strategic plans can never be well developed until the constitution is clear on its implicit in(p) mission (13). Since the American Red Cross mainly deals with complex disasters affecting local communities, among others, the organization should strive to lay down its core missions and to remain guided by them in every activity. Doing so will suspensor the organization avoid dis impeach into situations it should not have involved itself in the set-back place. This c orrelates with the need to maintain fiscal control.That is, sticking to the fundamental missions of the organization will prevent it from using resources on activities it does not have anything to do with in the first place. It is also said that monitoring the financial condition of the organization is a responsibility that neither can nor should be delegated (50). Thus, the executive officers should strive to keep track of the financial condition of the American Red Cross. Since the organization is essentially a volunteer group, its resources are limited.Consequently, it is only prudent for the organization executives to take full charge of the financial planning and to allocate resources properly and efficiently. Doing so can save the organization from financial troubles and help it continue its existence. It is also essential for the American Red Cross to recruit other volunteer leaders. However, the organization should not compromise quality with quantity. In other words, the or ganization should still see to it that newly recruited volunteers are committed to the fundamental mission of the group.There is more reason to expect new prospective board members to be attuned to the goals of the American Red Cross. This is because the future of the organization depends on the quality of new board members (36). These three concepts, when unite and applied correctly, can help the American Red Cross survive any trials to the group. The organization shall be able to provide humanitarian services to more needy people without misallocating or misusing its limited resources. In the end, the future of the organization will have to largely depend on the people behind it.

Brand Loyalty from a Multi-Faceted Perspective Essay

carry the true is the Holy Grail to all selling organizations. Marketing practitioners argon consumed by it. They search. They evidence. They dream. They necessity to hand the ultimate in brand verity, making it so airtight that no competition can lure their consumers from their brands of growths. Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fit-all methodology. Competition is dynamic. Theres no way to consummately anticipate what the creativity of their competitors can bring to the marketplace, which can lead to the eventual(prenominal) overwhelming of an established brand. Theres no telling how the motivations and perceptions of their customers may change, having inundated by communication theory in every conceivable fashion on a daily basis.Yet the organizations that can achieve strong brand loyalty for their products can ensure profitability for their stakeholders. Those who cannot shall perish in the war of the marketplace. construction strong brand loyalty for a friendships p roducts is not just an idea, or a one hit wonder. Rather, building strong brand loyalty is a process that requires management excellence. For this apprehension we look at brand loyalty from a multi-faceted perspective. Somewhere out there, among the numerous ideas and theories, may falsehood one that may help turn the fortune of an organization.Hrtel, C., Russell-Bennett, R., Worthington, S. (2010). commemorate Management. A Tri-dimensional Approach for Auditing fall guy Loyalty, 17(4), 243-253. Retrieved from http//palgrave-journals.com/bm/.In this condition, the authors outline a frame meet for conducting a brand loyalty audit that mathematical functions a tri-dimensional approach, which argon, cognitive (I think), emotive (I feel) and mienal (I do) response. With different levels and intensity of brand loyalty, the tri-dimensional approach allows the director to target the remarkable market segments more effectively. The authors have very strong academic credentials from universities in Australia. Worthington is a professor of Marketing at Monash University specializing in distribution of financial services. Russel-Bennett is an Associate professor at Queensland University with search and consulting work on the role of emotions in organizational and consumer behavior.Hrtel is a Professor of Organizational Behavior and teaching and Director of the Social and Economic Interface enquiry at Monah University. In conducting the audit, the first step is to vizor the current level of emotional, cognitive and behavioral loyalty, and then, in step two, prioritize the segments. Once the priorities ar set, the manager will have to strategize to increase loyalty (if it is low) or importanttain loyalty (if it is high). Thus, this article is for managers looking to valuate the strength and flaws of their product, with the goal of brand loyalty in mind.This article has 24 references nearly half of these references argon based on the authors previous resear ch involving brand loyalty and marketing, the other references help to build on concepts and research examples. The tri-dimensional audit faces two challenges. First, the framework is untested and therefore requires validation across product types. Second, the level of influence on priority and strategies is not knowable and therefore is subject to arbitration. More work has to be done on this model. Nevertheless, it introduces new ideas in understanding brand loyalty.Babur, M. N. & Naveed, F. (2011). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in transaction. The Real competitiveness Starts Now Moving Beyond Brand Management, 2(12), 629-635. Retrieved from http//ijcrb.webs.com.This article looks to examine the travel an organization can take after establishing the brand to achieve sustained brand loyalty. This can be achieved through straight ad and managing ethical burden. The authors describe ethical burden as the necessity of company to charge real cost of insideng bu siness, ensure quality of products and services and develop strong customer relations. The way group accept with a adjudicate of 50 business professionals contends that by managing ethical burden with continuous advertising, it can lead to creating positive brand persona and hence, brand loyalty, that will sustain the brand in the long term through repeat buying phenomena.Babur is an auxiliary Professor and Principal at ISRA University, capital of Pakistan Campus Pakistan. Naveed is a Senior Research Associate at Riphah planetary University, Islamabad Pakistan. There ar 15 references in this article. The authors use these references to elaborate on concepts relating to marketing in regards to ethical burden, brand image, brand loyalty and, advertising in general. The results of the study indicate that a large portion of the repeat buying behavior is due to unexplained factors across purchasing occasions. The authors state that this study has a 72% of reliability, but did not show the calculation of how the number was derived.The written English is weak and almost descriptions are not so clear. Despite this deficiency, this article provides marketing managers with another perspective to sustain brand loyalty. In regards to the 72% reliability, nevertheless research can incorporate quantitative methods of research to indentify outliers, which can lead to a more accurate study. Furthermore, additional research should link the actual strategy of using ethical burden and continuous advertising to sustain brand loyalty preventing or postponing the decline of a matured brand in its product life cycle.Alwi, S. F. S. (2009). world(prenominal) Journal of Business and Society. Online Corporate BrandImages and Consumer Loyalty, 10(2), 1-19. Retrieved from http//feb.unimas.my.This article examines how, traditionally, organizations build their brand image targeting consumers through media such as television, newspapers, and radio. With the advent of online media, the author evaluates if offline brand success can be translated to a positive corporate brand image perception in the online environment. Using the personification approach, a sample of consumers was asked to rank a list of companies (by imagining the company was a human being) based on five main criteria agreeableness competence ruthlessness chic and enterprise. The results were, then, compared to several pieces of previous research from both offline, and online perspectives.Syed Alwi is a Professor in the Faculty of Business & Accountancy at the University of Malaya in Malaysia. She received an honors degree in Business Management, and completed her Masters in Marketing all at Salford University in the United Kingdom. She received her PhD in Marketing at the University of Manchester. Managers looking to integrate their marketing plans into the online environment would find this information extremely useful. The article has about 50 references most of which are apply to incorpora te ideas and results from previous research. The other references are used to build concepts involving the transition of marketing and branding into online media.When applying the personification results to previous research, it shows that there is a high correlational statistics between high scores in the categories of agreeableness and informality, when compared to a high level of brand loyalty of online consumers. Therefore, for an organization to translate previous brand success to online success, it must portray itself as pleasant, friendly, supportive, open, undemanding and crush to targeted consumers. Using a research method like this seems arbitrary and a more structured research method like a longitudinal study would probably give less erratic results.Anderson, K. & precipitate, B. (2010). International Journal of Market Research. Do increment Brands win Younger Consumers?, 52(4), 433-441. inside 10.2501/S1470785309201387 This article attempts to shed some light on the presumption that younger consumers are less loyal and more willing to try new brands than older consumers. The authors analyzed 230 brands from 12 categories such as coffee, beer, internet service provider, and mobile phone. By comparing two periods of data, the authors were able to determine which brands grew and which declined.The results of each brand were, then, compared to an age profile. Consumers under the age of cardinal were defined as young, and those over the age of fifty five were defined as mature. The research concludes that younger consumers are slightly easier to retract. This is because young consumers are more willing to take risks and their styles are not so fixed, whereas older consumers are more attached to certain(a) existing brands. It is not easy to change the loyalty of buyers, but it is possible. Brand loyalty is indeed alive and well, it is not entirely entrenched. keen is a Professor of Marketing Science and Director of the Ehrenberg-Bass Institute fo r Marketing Science at the University of south-central Australia. Anderson is a Research Associate at the Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science at the University of South Australia. Sharp has published several academic papers and books including, How Brands Grow published by Oxford University Pres. Only 10 references are used as most of their data was purchased from one source, the other references allow them to compare data with standardised works and draw scholarly conclusions.This article provides a new perspective that while the presumption that it is easier to attract younger consumers is true, the established marketers, to whom this article is intended for, should not target the younger consumers exclusively. Further research should use a larger variety of sources emphasizing exactly how a growing brand should target certain demographic groups in order to achieve greater sales volume.Grzeskowiak, S., Krishen, A. S., Labreque, L. I. (2011). Journal of Brand Managemen t. Exploring Social Motivations for Brand Loyalty Conformity versus Escapism, 18(7), 457-472. doi10.1057/bm.2011.12The authors identify two central moderating variables that explain brand loyalty, which are product companionship and self-image congruence. Self-image congruence enhances brand loyalty for consumers who desire to conform to the groups or societies they are in. However, those that want to break away from these groups are called escapism-motivated consumers. Escapism-motivated consumers derive their brand loyalty from product knowledge, but product knowledge inhibits brand loyalty for those who are bound to conformity. This study shows that common communications for these two groups are asymmetrical.Labrecque is an appurtenant Professor of Marketing at Northern Illinois University. She received her PhD in Marketing at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Krishen is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Krishen logged 13 years o f corporate experience before receiving her Masters and PhD in Marketing from Virginia Tech. The authors used about 60 cited references. However, only a handful of these references are used to puff up on key concepts.Most of them are used to elaborate on results using graphs, tables, and cross tabulation. This study highlights the challenges facing the marketers when developing advertising messages for their intended audience. The marketers have to be mindful of the implication of their communications to their various(a) group of consumers. This study, though, is limited to focusing only on two motivations conforming versus escaping. But there are numerous other social motives that are likely to affect brand loyalty. Further research should be done to explore these boundaries.ReferencesAhn, K., Hur, W., Kim, M. (2011). Management Decision. Building Brand Loyalty throughManaging Brand Community Commitment, 49(7), 1194-1213. doi 10.1108/00251741111151217Alwi, S. F. S. (2009). Inter national Journal of Business and Society. Online Corporate BrandImages and Consumer Loyalty, 10(2), 1-19. Retrieved from http//feb.unimas.my.Anderson, K. & Sharp, B. (2010). International Journal of Market Research. Do GrowingBrands win Younger Consumers?, 52(4), 433-441. doi 10.2501/S1470785309201387Babur, M. N. & Naveed, F. (2011). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research inBusiness. The Real Battle Starts Now Moving Beyond Brand Management, 2(12), 629-635. Retrieved from http//ijcrb.webs.com.Balasubramanian, S. K. & Patwardhan, H. (2011). Journal of Product and Brand Management. Brand Romance A Complementary Approach to Explain Emotional Attachment toward Brands, 20(4), 297-308. doi 10.1108/10610421111148315Grzeskowiak, S., Krishen, A. S., Labreque, L. I. (2011). Journal of BrandManagement. Exploring Social Motivations for Brand Loyalty Conformity versusEscapism, 18(7), 457-472. doi10.1057/bm.2011.12Hrtel, C., Russell-Bennett, R., Worthington, S. (2010). Brand Managemen t. A Tri-dimensional Approach for Auditing Brand Loyalty, 17(4), 243-253. Retrieved from http//palgrave-journals.com/bm/.Kharaim, H. S. (2011). International Journal of Marketing Studies. The Influence of BrandLoyalty on Cosmetics Buying Behavior of UAE Female Consumers, 3(2), 123-133. doi10.5539/ijms.v3n2pl23Kwok, S., Uncles, M. D., Wang, C. (2010). Journal of Marketing Management. A TemporalAnalysis of Behavioural Brand Loyalty among Urban Chinese Consumers, 26(9-10),921-942. doi 10.1080/02672570903441454Tsai, S. (2010). International Business Review. Fostering International Brand Loyalty through Committed and link Relationships, 20(5), 521-534. doi10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.10.001

Poverty Satire Essay

With the advancement of poverty in the United States it is time to solve the homeless situation. Thousands of Americans are homeless and taking up space on the citys streets. A simple solution to this problem would be to allow the homeless to worry in landfills. They would be able to sort through the waste to find appropriate cardboard boxes to rest in. This could also be used as a take of concern allowing them to sort through recycle to improve the environment. It is also a statistical fact that many Americans throw away nutrition that goes untouched. not only would they watch a permanent residence of their choosing but this also insures that they would have plenty of food to maintain their strength to sort trash.The act of throwing food away is often forgotten, but with this new big(p) idea other Americans can feel charitable each time they throw away their trash. Their remainder food pass on go straight to the landfill and become a nice snack or a whole meal for one of th e landfill residents. Society entrust no longer have to worry close to starvation because essentially anyone can provide for the poor. People entrust eventually feel better around the act of throwing away hundreds of thousands of dollars of wasted food knowing that it will go to a family in need. However, raft will be questioning why it has to stop with food. Used tissues, old dental floss, and that rusted razor that everyone has lying about will ensure that the landfill residents have acceptable hygiene. The rainwater combined with the last few congealed drops of some liquid soap will keep the landfill inhabitants fresh and clean. There will be competition in the landfills for the best food and supplies or the best cardboard, but that should be promoted because they need to project that although everything will be essentially thrown out to them, it will still be survival of the fittest.The landfill inhabitants will be able to sleep in stop knowing that their shelter was hand made. Newspapers and junk mail will be of great use to the residents because it could provide as a floor or even a roof. Although there might be a rise in identity theft because of the information civilians have thrown out in the trash, it should come as a lesson because people should know to shred their of import documents before throwing them out. Thelandfill residents can also use their resources to better their education. The writings and nutrition facts on the backs of cereal boxes along with the short stories about fields of lavender and honeysuckles on lotion bottles can easily suffice as a quick English lesson. The shelters in the landfills will consist primarily of cardboard boxes but it will give the residents a chance to express their creativity. The residents could even form small village like shelters inside the landfill to be better protected from the other scavengers. The fight for the best supplies will endanger quite a few residents, but in the long run they should be able to value the relationships they might form with one another.Many people would probably argue that this solution to homelessness is too dangerous or cold-blooded but it will prepare the homeless people for a life after the landfill. The landfill would offer a refuge for the poverty stricken victims to be provided for and it would also allow the homeless to provide a work for the habitual. The landfill already offers such valuable resources that are just going to waste. It would be unreasonable to think that the landfill residents couldnt sort through the trash to figure out what could be recycled this could be a form of employment in the landfills. Ensuring that the public will be rewarded for their generous donations, the homeless would essentially pay back the public with the use of reusable goods. The rising homeless count is rising and this is an adequate solution to a study problem. Not only would the landfill provide a new home for the homeless it would give city r esidents peace of mind knowing that the homeless people are safely away out of sight.

Juicy Couture Advertising Analysis.

emblematic high fashion advertisements consist of a beautiful fe staminate model, wearing the most expensive clothing, facial expression classy and elegant. Somewhere there is usually a toned gorgeous man looking at her in awe, also wearing incredibly fashionable clothing. These ads, however effective on the minds of the masses, argon not the same approach the infamous patrician Couture brand takes. Bought by all types of women, from mothers to teenage girls, everyone wants to be crack up of the Juicy phenomenon. Juicy Coutures image isnt the stereotypical wealthy, high fashion kind of depiction.They lay down a more mainstream glamour and luxurious wealth. Their bedazzled track suits and terrier crowned logo shows their abnormal high residue fashion. However, the brand is still very fabulous and expensive being Made in Glamorous ground forces (JuicyDeals). The advertisements of Juicy Couture try to show this same kind of image. The usual Juicy advertisements be displays of a graceful suspended girl universe, by reflecting a modern, girlish, avant-garde display with a whimsical kind of sum (Brown et al). Inte rilievoing and bizarre, they neer fail to catch the eyes of women and girls of every age and race.Juicy couture has a different and hideous kind of style that never fails to tap into the needs and desires of girls all over. According to their ads, with Juicy couture women jackpot be prominent, bath dominate, and can definitely get anything they want. In 2009, Juicy ran an ad campaign titled Do the Donts. Each ad depicted models breaking the rules, being rebellious, and going against what is expected by society. One of the ads shows a women dressed in business- give safekeeping attire, pale skin, and hair done up in a boy-like style. She is leaning against a man dressed in complete stemma to her.Hes tan and dressed in a more feminine fashion with long shaggy hair, a tulle skirt, and carrying a purse. He stands causally like a female with his hip cocked out to the location. In the screen background you see a pink residency like house, with beautiful plants and magnificent windows. Above them it says Do the Donts. Below that in light blue, the phrase You can eer get what you want is written in messy-like handwriting. The items being advertised is everything from clothes, purses, jewelry, and perfumes. The purse and the fur coat, the socks, and the low dress are all Juicy Couture.Below their feet is the unmistakable Juicy Couture logo. In big, bold, fancy lettering, outlined in white. The overall name for the campaign is a striking small simple phrase that catches the eyes and can hook audiences in. On the ad its in black block lettering, at the top of the get word in a small type of font. To say do what is unexpected of you is something Juicy already does however, for this campaign, they are saying if girls want to be a part of this fun, superficial, girly, unrealistic world, you have to be different. When the line starting came out it was different kind of high fashion that no one had seen before.They then incorporated that into their livelong theme of their ads by showing a more unrealistic position of the wealthy with a forward-thinking view of fashion The house is a girly fantasy, being that it is pink, but it also shows how the pair are probably rich, and the rest of the house is just as wonderfully exotic as the dickens in front of them. Its like they are a part of this beautiful world that only a few are able to see and to be like those in the picture it is necessary to be just as unrealistic as them. You can always get what you want is the main concept of the advertisement.In a effulgent blue color and it look as if it was hastily written on top with a keystone brush, it is the first thing to notice. The phrase is big, bright, and takes up most of the page making it unfeignedly stand out. The two phrases correspond with each other. If you do the donts you can always get what yo u want. Or you can always get what you want by doing the donts. The phrase implies that with juicy couture you can get whatever you want. The models in the background give the message even more of a meaning with how they look. They give off the air that they truly can and do have whatever they want.It is even written like the person who wrote it, didnt contend about(predicate) what peck think. Who wouldnt want to have everything? Jib Fowles in an article wrote about how advertise use different types of appeals in advertising. Fowles says as a need for dominance and a need for protuberance is one of the ways that advertisers pull people in. This advertisement feeds the desire for women enjoy prestige and high brotherly status (65). Women aspire to control and want to be admired. These appeals are shown in just the catchphrase of the advertisement, never mind the photo behind them.Although the writing may be the first thing seen behind it is an abstractedness photo Juicy is f amous for. The female model is in control, and strongly dominates the photo. Her direct gaze toward the tv camera is confrontational showing she is unafraid of power, her smirk saying she already knows shes got it all. She stands in a degraded yet casual pose showing shes comfortable with her status, even though to some people it could be unsettling. Shes happy and at ease with her action and wouldnt change a thing. These aspects fabricate her more of a conformist which is opposite of what a women in fashion should look like.She causally has her work up on his shoulder further showing her dominance. He is like her pet, or maybe her play gip (Brown et al). She is prime example as to what Fowles says about prominence and dominance. This model obviously shows both with her strong contrast to her male counterpart emphasizes this fact even more. Dressed casually like a girl the male models chest is bare showing to the audience that hes not stressful to be a girl but hes not afraid f eminine side (Brown et al). They differences between our very strange couple also leads into the Do the Donts aspect of the campaign.A man get dressed like a woman is definitely going against the grain. In most advertisements men are shown as the strong leader of the person who dominates, but here it is quite clear that he couldnt care less about being in control or anything. He is perfectly happy with his carriage and how he is dresses. This isnt what is expected of a man today, not in the least. The point of the ad is to consider the viewer not a single commodity but to convince the consumer that wearing their clothing ordain lead them to a new lifestyle (Fowles 62).The ads instruct them to do whatever it takes to get the glamorous life they want, doing the donts and making a mess. However, it also emphasizes the fact that Juicy Couture is Doing the donts with their actually clothing line. With flakey fashion rules they are trying to get audiences to remember fashion doesnt have rules, and Juicy took that root word to the next level with their own set of rules. Women dont have to listen to the conventional rules about life or about what they wear. The ad plays on feminine desires to be better looking than everyone else, to be different and in control.Its an effective ad campaign, using certain techniques to make it fun and smart, and has a message that women all over the world are willing to listen to. Work Cited Brown, AnnaLisse, Perry Esing , and Talia Tiffany . Do the Donts Juicy Couturen. pag. academic. reed. edu. Web. 3 Oct 2012. Fowles, Jib. Advertisings Fifteen Appeals. Common Culture. Ed. Micheal Petracca and Ed. Madeliene Sorpure. Seventh Edition. New Jersay Pearson, 2012. 54-72. Print. Juicy Couture History and Information. JuicyDeals. Juicy Couture Deals, 2009. Web. Web. 3 Oct. 2012. http//juicycouturedeals. com/juicy-couture-history-and-information/.

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Land law - Essay ExampleThere, however, lacks any requirement as pertaining to whether the paper owner should be aware or not of the trespass as can be seen in Rain v Buxton.8 Nonetheless, if the possession is based on a given legal entitlement, and so it cannot be termed as adverse.Factual possession Kevin has scoren care of the lower and erected a permanent expression in the overthrow. The council has not been in possession of the land in this time period while Kevin has been actively using the land for 20 years. Courts must have evidence of the land being possessed as passed in Buckinghamshire County Council v Moran.9The Councils possession of the land is limited to shortcuts. The courts need continuous possession with several(prenominal) form of development. Trespass is not sufficient as was seen in the case of Powell v McFarlane.10Presence of implied attest The council has not objected for over 20 years despite the fact the Councils management team uses the land as a shor tcut and could see the developments made by Kevin. Implied license is limited by the restriction Act 1980, schedule 1, paras 8(4).Intention to possess The courts need proof that trespasser needs to use the land (animus possidendi) as given in Powell v McFarlane.12 The trespassers approach to possession does not effect however, he must have intentions to possess the land exclusively.13 The trespasser must have the intent to take full control of the land and exclude everyone else including the paper

The Considerations of Pricing Strategies in Multiple Industries Essay

The Considerations of price Strategies in Multiple Industries - Essay ExampleBurrows (2009) describes the dilemmas at Microsoft company when deciding pricing policy on its many different technology and consumer-oriented products. Microsoft maintains tremendous buying power in its technology market just is facing pricing issues in the midst of a global economic slowdown and rising controversy in this market. Microsoft is now wondering, in order to keep sales volumes up and profit at evaluate levels, whether the business should consider lowering the prices on a wide variety of Microsoft branded products. Says CEO Steve Ballmer of Microsoft, were focusing on gaining share in (new markets) that are most critical (Burrows, p.51). Apparently, Microsoft has considerable problems in almost markets, such as in Asia, with large volumes of pirating occurring in its computer-related technology marketplaces. Piracy, when customers are able to get their men on Microsoft products without a pro per license, erodes sales success at the company. Therefore, Microsoft considers that in these markets where piracy runs high, they can lower the price of the technology software to make the product less appealing from illegal markets and will cultivate buyers into the store instead to make a purchase. Even though there is no research enjoin which shows that Microsoft has determined a price policy that fits with the companys leadership expectations, clearly a favor of pricing is the ability to avoid piracy and also to make products seem more attractive to buyers with less resources in order to boost higher sales volumes.Cooper (2009) describes how the regulatory environment impacts pricing, by describing entropy from the Digital Britain Report.

Sociology 461 (400 level) - Philosophy of Arts 1st paper Coursework

Sociology 461 (400 level) - Philosophy of Arts 1st paper - Course give out ExampleThere are many a(prenominal) philosophers who have tried to define what art is but in this case, the essay will explore the perspectives of Immanuel Kant and king of beasts Tolstoy. The essay will show that even though the two philosophers have very different approaches to art, they do agree on its universality in that it transcends contexts. First, the definition of art will be discussed followed by how the philosophers articulate art and lastly, conclusion.What is art? Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) defines art as production through freedom (Kant 182). This means that a peck of work must be ground on reason or rational considerations. As such, productions which fetch without any rational considerations for Kant cannot be regarded as art but as works of nature. For example, the bees honeycombs though they seem well designed are produced through nature and not human design or satisfy hence cannot be re garded as art. For Kant therefore, human intellect is crucial for a piece of work to be produced and be regarded as an art. Art is therefore a skill of human beings developed through incur or after several trials hence perfection. Art is also liberal in nature consort to Kant hence does not need compulsion but free spirit (p. 183). Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) on the former(a) hand, refutes this claim by Kant of art being the product of a rational mind and emphasizes on the case of emotions. For Tolstoy, art is an activity aimed at conveying the feelings or means of communication among people (Tolstoy 37). In this case, the artisan is given great importance in that he or she has to arouse feelings in people. Art is therefore, a human activity whereby one man consciously conveys to others, by certain external signs (movements, lines, colours, sounds), the feelings he/she has see (p. 37-40). The audience thus must be infected by those feelings and experience them otherwise the piece o f work would cease to be an art. For example, a poem should

The Lure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Lure - Essay ExampleNowadays, casual coital relationships and pre-marital sex are widely accepted. In fact, it is a subject discussed non only among married couples but among friends, male and female alike. It is an adventure, if not a necessity that must happen for a person to find the perfect match. With this perception growing to be widely accepted, being physically attractive is not the only matter that is given attention. Since coital relationships acquire intimacy, fragrance should be equally important and this is the message of Gucci discredited in its advertisement. The advertisement of the perfume, Gucci Guilty displays a nude couple and is in a physical intimate relationship. It is directed to women in particular who thirst to draw and satisfy the perfect partner. With the model being beautiful and sexy, it metaphorically implies that such attributes are not enough to have a humanness totally captivated in her arms. The sense of smell must also be satisfied. A ch arr should be fragrant as well to be sexually appealing to the opposite sex and Gucci Guilty is the perfect perfume for such moments. The man is shown to be close his eyes, his nose under the chin of the woman, his lips open, almost ready to kiss but not touching the neck of his lover. The neck is one of the part of the body where perfume is applied. This suggests that the man is hooked in that area, tour of dutyping to dear enjoy the smell of the womans perfume. The neck is also a part that is usually kissed because of where it is situated. inner(a) kissing usually starts from the lips, down through the neck and, to the more intimate parts of the body. Moreover, it is one of the parts of the body that arouses sexual appetite when touched tenderly and lovingly. The man actually appears to have been mesmerized by the neck of the woman so that he was magnetized by something. That something is the scent of the womans perfume. This description is not just an assumption but is pro ven true by what is shown in the picture. As mentioned earlier, the man is not kissing the neck of the woman, although his lips are parted, almost ready to kiss her. However, instead of him being envisioned as a very passionate lover who is ready for action, he is shown to have been magnetized, unable to place upright the neck of the woman. With his face just very close to the woman without touching her neck, the photo implies that the man had to stop and sate himself with the smell of the woman. This specific reason for the man just stopping to smell the woman may not really be clearly stated in the photo but with the bottle of Gucci Guilty beside the woman, it says it all. Looking at the woman, one might wonder in relation to the statements made above, that she is not as interested about her lover as the man is of her. The mans looks do not make any question about his physical attractiveness rather appears extremely desirable. Still the woman is not as concentrated on him as h e is about her. This is because the perfume is worn by the woman that is why it is only the man who is captivated by her. The womans lips are slightly swerve to a smile which shows triumph. She appears to be happy about how her lover is so attracted to her but her smile has something else beside the satisfaction that she feels. Looking at the womans eyes, one can tell that there is a know in her. That she knows why her lover is so a

Diagnosing a Need for Organizational Change Case Study

Diagnosing a Need for Organizational Change - Case Study ExampleIn this regard, the disaster that befell the shuttle competition provided a strong focal point from which organization within bodies could be viewed. The Challenger broke into pieces moments aft(prenominal) takeoff on January 28 1986. Prior to this culmination of events, there had been revealing signs that were overlooked by the bodies in authority. A commission was formed to look into the matter and it filed its report after carrying out its research. In aerial of the above, NASA made most of the recommended modifications brought forth by the commission that was looking into the Challenger disaster. Despite this, the occurrence of the capital of South Carolina accident on February 1, 2003 opened a new chapter into the effectiveness of the recommendations, and most importantly, shed some animated on the issue of organizational culture that tends to undermine the effectiveness of organizations. Organizational culture is the aspect or custom of workers of an organization tending to carry out their activities in a way that may not be fully recommended, but in their organization, it is the norm (Carnall, 2007). While trying to counter this, models have been roundabout up to ensure the best productivity of organizations. Such is the Burke-Litwin model for organizational change. It aims at bringing change to an organization through the creation of connections between motion and the factors within or without the organization, which has an effect over the performance (Burke, 2010). The model relies upon a framework through which the analysis of both internal or organizational factors and orthogonal or environmental factors can be linked together to ensure superb performance of an organization. It links both theoretical aspects and practical ideas to result in the best performance (Burke, 2010). This is done in dozen dimensions each of which caters for a particular aspect of the organization. Ther efore, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board report and recommendations as put under the Burke-Litwin model would give a better view as follows 1. External Environment. sideline the Columbia disaster, CAIB realized that a number of external factors also indirectly resulted in the catastrophe. Such include such aspects as performance pressures from the public that tended to rush the organization into action hastily. Moreover, the budgetary allocations for the agency turn up to be insufficient following shifting national priorities. 2. Mission and Strategy. Furthermore, CAIB analyzed NASAs mission, and in comparability to the strategy employed to achieve that mission, the two were found not to tally. Moreover, the employees perspective was not in tandem bicycle with that of the top management (James, 2007). 3. Leadership. CAIBs report found the lead of NASA solely to blame for the disaster. It stated that the leadership lacked open-mindedness and could have acted quickly upon r ealizing that the space ship was damaged. However, this was not done hence exposing the laxity of leadership at NASA (James, 2007). 4. Organizational Culture. The report found out that NASA had come to adopt a culture through which matters were casually schemed through thereby leading to loopholes that provided avenues for such disasters. The foam responsible for the disaster had